Pictograms in the Olympic Games. Pictograms in the Olympic Games Image of symbols of Olympic sports

Didactic games “Winter sports” for children 5-7 years old

Description of material: I offer you didactic games for children of senior preschool age on the topic “Winter Sports”. Main goal: creating conditions for the formation of initial ideas about the Olympic Games and winter sports. This material will be useful for teachers of senior and preparatory groups and will help make not only the educational process more meaningful, but also leisure time.

Didactic games to help older preschoolers familiarize themselves with winter sports

Target: developing interest in physical education and sports.
Tasks:
Form initial ideas about the Olympic Games and winter sports.
Develop cognitive activity and curiosity
Increase motivation to exercise.

In 2014, our country hosted a bright and large-scale event, the XXII Olympic Winter Games. At the preschool educational institution we implemented the project “Together we will win!”, dedicated to these games. To make introducing children to the Olympic Games and winter sports more interesting and exciting, I made several educational games. Didactic games, compared to other types of games, have a characteristic feature: they are a source of knowledge in sports and physical education. Making such games in this age of ICT is not difficult. We download pictures, make up games, print them, and laminate them to make them last a long time.
And now every year, when the “Winter Sports” themed week is implemented in January, educators use them in their work. In continuous educational activities, ideas about the Olympic Games and winter sports are formed. At the same time, children’s citizenship and patriotic feelings are formed. After all, such a large-scale event as the XXII Olympic Winter Games took place in our country in Sochi. This topic also allows you to develop interest in the events taking place in the country, cultivate a sense of pride in its achievements, and respect for your compatriots-athletes.
Children, learning a lot of new and interesting things about the sports life of our country, the Olympic Games, athletes participating in the Olympics, come to the conclusion that physical education and sports are very interesting and beneficial for health. They have a desire to be like great athletes and to play sports. More often there is a desire to implement knowledge about the Olympic Games and winter sports in independent activities.

Lotto “Equip an Athlete”.
Goal: to teach children to select appropriate equipment and equipment for athletes.

Lotto “Pictograms of Sochi-2014”
Goal: to teach children to name sports and select the appropriate pictograms.

Game "Pick up the pictogram".
Goal: to consolidate children's knowledge about Olympic winter sports.
It is necessary to select a pictogram for the corresponding sport and name it.

Game "Find the fragment"
Goal: developing the ability to compare objects, establish their similarities and differences.
Children are given small picture fragments. You need to find which picture they belong to.

Game "Find a Pair"
Goal: to teach children to select identical pictograms made in a strict and laconic, monochrome palette and corresponding pictograms made in the “patchwork quilt” palette.

Game “The picture has fallen apart”
Goal: development of attention, memory, thinking, perseverance, fine motor skills.
It is necessary to assemble the picture first according to the sample, then without. Images – winter sports, symbols of the Sochi 2014 Olympics.

Game "Fold the track."
Goal: developing the ability to compare and group by color, developing the color scheme (fixing the names of primary and secondary colors), the ability to distinguish color similarities and differences.

Game "Fourth wheel"
Purpose: to learn to name and distinguish between winter and summer sports.

Card Quiz
Goal: to consolidate children's knowledge about the Olympic Games and winter sports.

Curling From Scotland the game came to us through the centuries. On good, strong ice Everyone was happy to play this winter game Five centuries ago. The secret of popularity is that there is no secret to it. Two fours play there. The stones are rolled on the ice so that everyone gets into the “house”. It is preferable to go to the center. So that the players slide where they need to, as if for a parade, They scrub the ice in front of the stone so that it melts from friction, And along the waterway it is easier for the stone to come to the “home”. (Elena Incona

Biathlon And then there is biathlon. This is a long marathon - cross-country skiing and shooting. In the midst of running - straight into battle! At targets with a rifle, Yes, in all equipment. We need to hit all the targets! There should be 5 plus 5, Plus – to complete the marathon... It’s twenty kilometers! Willpower is needed there, and an eye like an eagle... (Elena Incona)

Ski jumping Like a miracle - a giant Among the mountains there is a springboard! This is a wonderful picture - When they jump from a springboard! The descent from it is the path to the jump. The bar is very high! Having made such a jump (Eight meters above the ground), the athlete soars in the air. He flies a hundred meters before he touches the ground. How is this possible? Training and courage are for the benefit of absolutely everyone. (Elena Incona)

Ski slalom The sport has been known for a long time. Slalom is a ski descent from the mountains. An important attribute is the flags that burn like lights. Red, blue, red, blue - Landmark of two important lines. Between two flags - “gates” - you need to make a turn. The width of the “gate” is 5 meters! More than a hundred kilometers per hour Athletes from the mountains rush in defiance of everyone's fears And they control their bodies as if the turn was a trifle. (Elena Incona)

Hockey Like knights in armor On skates. Not on horseback! Their weapons are not spears - Sticks in masterful hands. The puck flies like a bullet across the field to the goal. The eye can't keep up with her, but the goalkeeper will save her. Two ice squads... Just a dozen fighters - Real men - Model for the boys. Everyone is on the team for each other! Everyone is friendly and united! I wish I had such a world-class friend... (Elena Incona)

Snowboard Along the snow-capped mountains, Along the jumps and hills On the “snowboard” apparatus Athletes beat their record. “Snowboard” is like a board that is quite wide. It has fasteners for the legs, but not along, but across. And just like that, a little sideways, Masterly with the breeze All the athletes, as if playing, Admiring aerobatics, On the “snowboard” apparatus Represent a cool sport. (Elena Incona)

Short track Ice is ready! It's languishing... I wish I could go for a ride! The skaters are lucky: The ice is like smooth glass. The SHORT TRACK race will take place here - a short speed run. One hundred and eleven in total. We need meters for him. Before I have time to sneeze, the athlete will finish his journey. This is the fastest speed skating event.

Ski racing Skiing is not an easy job. Or to be more precise, hard work. Well, whoever likes it, wants to do it, then he’s cool. He is strong in will, in spirit and in body, he does not lack courage. Hard work can become something you love, maybe if you recognize the joy in it. Real skiers know what comfort is in the soul, If the choice in life is made honestly, If skiing is part of it.

Olympic pictograms indicating the sports participating in the games program have appeared at least since the 1936 Berlin Olympics, which began the revival of the Olympic movement. But these were primitive and unsystematized images.

Since then, these sets of pictograms have become an important (and extremely interesting) part of the graphic design of each Olympiad, its key stylistic element.

Olympic pictograms are familiar icons to all of us. In the language of official definitions, these are stylized images of Olympic sports for the most visual orientation of participants, guests and tourists of the Olympic Games regarding the venues for competitions in the types of the Olympic program. It would seem that everything is simple: they give a task to a group of artists and voila - the pictograms are ready, we welcome the guests. But these small pictures also have their own big story.

For the first time, pictograms were officially adopted as a symbol of the Olympic Games in 1964 at the summer competitions in Tokyo. In total, 20 sports pictograms and 39 informative pictograms were created (indicating toilets, cafes, etc.) - and this was the first ordered system of pictograms. It was developed by artist Masaru Katsumi and graphic designer Yoshiro Yamashita.

To be fair, we note that the very first Olympic pictograms, not sports ones, but informative ones, appeared in London in 1948.

In general, Olympic pictograms are forever and inextricably linked with the name of the brilliant graphic designer Otto Eicher. Eicher is a man of amazing destiny. Eicher's wife was from the family that founded the White Rose movement during the Second World War. Her family was almost completely destroyed. Eicher himself refused to join the Hitler Jugend. I think it goes without saying what it took for these people to simply survive and then found the Ulm School of Design, from which the Practical Utopia movement (a pragmatic design direction, which, however, was not so narrowly utilitarian) originated. Eicher and his school became the ideological creators of what is now familiar to us all - the kitchen. Yes, yes, the kitchen as an ergonomic unity, a comfortable and functional room in every apartment and every house, at the same time a space where you can not only cook, but also “live.” Eicher, for example, is the creator of the Lufthansa logo. Well, I digress. About pictograms. Eicher created a series of pictograms for the Olympic Games in Munich in 1972. Surprisingly, at the same time in Munich, Wassily Kandinsky also dreamed of creating his own series of pictograms. However, it was Aicher who created the most famous pictograms, raising the bar infinitely high. And it was a success; his pictograms were later bought by other countries to host the Games. By the way, they also wanted to buy the navigation for the Moscow Olympics, but the Soviet Union did not want to sell the rights.

Eicher's pictograms have their own complicated fate. He worked on them for five years with a team of artists. According to the designer and organizers of the Olympic Games, the Munich competition was supposed to erase memories and strong associations with the Berlin Games of 1936, which were often called Nazi. Eicher tried to avoid aggressive lines and abandoned red and black tones. But fate is an insidious thing: the terrorists from “Black September”, the death of eleven Israeli athletes. Nevertheless, Eicher's pictograms became famous throughout the world. A few years later in Moscow, Aicher, speaking to the VNIITE team, said: “a designer who has taken on such a task as organizing the visual-graphic environment of the Olympic Games can be compared to a musical ensemble, which has only three or four instruments at its disposal, but which must , however, perform a beautiful harmonious melody.” Eicher was a success with the melody. Many countries hosting the Olympic Games wanted to buy his pictograms, but few were able to do so; the rights to use were too expensive. German pictograms were used at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, and at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary. In general, new sets of icons were created extremely rarely. The most famous, in addition to Tokyo and Munich, are Mexico City 1968 and Moscow 1980.

Of course, the creation of the actual graphic-semiotic system for the Olympic Games was extremely prestigious. But surprisingly, the pictograms for the 1980 Olympics were not drawn to order. They were created by St. Petersburg (Leningrad) athlete-artist Nikolai Belkov, but first things first. Little is known about Nikolai Belkov; perhaps the most touching and detailed story was written about him by A. Yakovlev in the collection “Panorama” in 1980. I learned something else from an interview with Belkov’s daughter.

As a child, Nikolai Belkov was not gloomy or a loner, but he was not the life of the party either. It was as if he was with everyone and as if by himself. He was amazingly successful in everything. First there was football at the age of 12. And quite quickly in the youth team Belkov became an excellent player. But then suddenly he discovered a craving for drawing and, in the end, the sport faded into the background and Belkov left the team. Constantly making sketches, coming up with drawings, images, Nikolai Belkov still could not forget about sports. He went to the pentathlon. And again everything came easy to the young man. He immediately began training with pentathletes who had been training for several years. Belkov became a master of sports and was nominated for the USSR national team. Then he joined the Army, after that he also practiced pentathlon and suddenly, unexpectedly for everyone, he decided to enter the Leningrad Higher Art and Industrial School named after V.I. Mukhina. And again I began to pay less attention to sports. When, already in his fifth year (Belkov took up the task easily, but never gave up easily), he decided not to deceive himself or his coach and leave pentathlon forever, the coach asked him to give the sport a gift - to draw posters and badges for the celebration of the anniversary of the Pentathlon Federation . And Belkov decided that he would make the design of a set of equipment for pentathletes the topic of his diploma. He worked for a long time on creating emblems for five sports and at some point noticed a general principle. And then the idea was born to try to depict all sports in the form of pictograms. Undoubtedly, Belkov was not just a genius, he was very familiar with the works of Eicher and other designers. But he suddenly realized that he could do better, and this inspired him. As Yakovlev writes and Belkov’s daughter confirms, Nikolai simply fell ill, as if he had gone crazy, he created, he felt that he was doing something with which his name would forever be associated. In the end, Belkov’s thesis changed the topic and began to be called “System of Pictograms of Olympic Sports.” He defended his diploma with honors.

Belkov's pictograms were fundamentally new; it was a discovery. Nikolai knew sports life from the inside, this helped him “revive” the figures of athletes. The secret is as simple as all ingenious things: the figures are built on the basis of angles of 30 and 60 degrees, and not 45-90-135, as in the Eicher system. Belkov’s pictograms are built on a new principle: if before him artists seemed to leave their athletes to “float” on an empty square, Nikolai Belkov’s figures are clearly fixed in space. Its emblems can be used in forward, reverse contour and reverse contour images, they can have color and shadow gradations, increase or decrease; significantly reduced, they can become a tangier mesh and be used when printing tickets and passes.

Belkov decided to patent his pictograms. And he did it successfully. I’ll end with a quote from Yakovlev’s story: “An author’s certificate has been received - the pictograms have been patented. The Moscow Games have their own graphic Esperanto.” Nikolai Belkov died tragically 12 years ago. Like many geniuses, his fate was not easy: fame in the 80s and oblivion later. But this man remained in history.

1. Summer Olympics 1964, Tokyo

Some of the pictograms designed for the Tokyo Olympics by Japanese graphic artist Yusaku Kamekura. The art director of the game design program was an outstanding figure in Japanese graphic art, Masaru Katsumi, who also took part in the design of the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo.

2. Summer Olympics 1968, Mexico City

Pictograms by American designer Lance Wyman, created as part of a larger visual communication and design program for the Mexico City Olympics.

3. Summer Olympics 1972, Munich

1976 Summer Olympics, Montreal

An interesting set of pictograms was developed for the Munich Olympics by a team of German designers led by Otl Aicher. According to some sources, the author of the pictograms was the famous graphic artist Josef Albers.

The same set of pictograms was used at the next Summer Olympics in 1976 in Montreal, and then, in 1988, at the Winter Olympics in Calgary. The work done by Eicher's group included not only the pictograms, but also the entire design and visual communication system of the Munich Games. The team of authors, which included five people at the start of work, and by the end had grown to 50, worked for about five years.

Eicher himself, speaking in Moscow to the VNIITE team, said that “a designer who has taken on such a task as organizing the visual-graphic environment of the Olympic Games can be compared to a musical ensemble, which has only three or four instruments at its disposal, but which is obliged to no less, perform a beautiful harmonious melody."

• (Quote from the magazine "Technical Aesthetics" No. 3-4, 1976)
• 4. Summer Olympics 1980, Moscow

A wonderful set of pictograms was designed in 1977 by a young Leningrad architect Nikolai Belkov. It is interesting that this project was also the author’s thesis work.

The artistic qualities of these signs are determined, first of all, by the amazing plasticity of the image, as well as by a strict set of graphic constants and rules that underlie each pictogram. So, for example, each symbol consists of two parts of a square field, separated by the figure of an athlete, the angles of inclination of the elements and the radii of conjugations are unified.

It is also noteworthy that these same pictograms were used later, in 1986, as part of the design program for the Moscow Goodwill Games. At least three more missing sports icons were then added to the original set, attempting (unsuccessfully) to replicate the style of that set.

4. "Unified graphic system of pictograms for the reference and information service of the Olympics-80"

A titanic work, completed on the eve of the Moscow Olympics (late 70s) by a team of artists from the applied graphics workshop of the Graphic Arts Combine of the Moscow State Academic Art and Artistic Federation of the RSFSR.

The system includes 239 (!) characters and is based on the “serial design method”. This means that pictograms are developed from standard basic symbols, in strict accordance with the general construction scheme and are divided into thematic groups with their own “species” elements.

As far as I know, this work received a gold medal at the Brno Graphic Design Biennale.

2000 Summer Olympics, Sydney

The pictograms were designed for SOCOG by Saunders Design. A whole team of authors took part in the work:

Art directors: Pia Smeatton and David Clacy.

Designers: Richard Schenoni, Natasha Farr, Paul Wallace, Anthony Bullen, Sheelie Baily.

Project leaders: Paul Saunders and Phil Ayers.

A unique feature of this set is that for the first time it is directly associated with the symbol of the Olympics