Where and when was the mock created? International Olympic Committee

INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE (IOC), the highest, permanent body of the modern Olympic movement. Non-governmental, non-profit organization. Headquarters in Lausanne (Switzerland). The IOC's statutory document is the Olympic Charter (its current version has been in force since July 14, 2001), the official languages ​​are French and English.

Created on June 23, 1894 in Paris at the international founding congress of supporters of Olympism - on the initiative of the famous French public figure and teacher, founder of the modern Olympic movement, Pierre de Coubertin (1863–1937). At the same time, a decision was made to revive the Olympic Games, the task of organizing which was entrusted to the IOC.

The Olympic Games (winter and summer) are held every 4 years; the decision on the place and timing of the next Games, as well as their program, is made by the Committee. The IOC has the exclusive right to the Olympic Games, as well as the Olympic symbol, flag, motto and anthem. Directly during the Games, the IOC transfers the right of technical control over the conduct of competitions in one form or another of the program to the relevant international sports federations (ISF).

At the time of the creation of the IOC in 1894, it included representatives of 12 states (including Russia: General A.D. Butovsky), who began work on organizing National Olympic Committees (NOCs) in their countries. According to the current regulations, an IOC member is elected for a term of 8 years, after which he can be re-elected again for an eight-year term. An IOC member cannot be older than 70 years (if he was (re)elected before the opening of the 110th IOC session on December 11, 1999, then no older than 80). According to the regulations, IOC members are its representatives in their countries, and not vice versa.

At the beginning of 2005, the Committee consisted of 120 people, including Russians Vitaly Smirnov (in the IOC since 1971), Shamil Tarpishchev (since 1994) and Alexander Popov (since 1999). The IOC also includes 25 honorary (from among persons who were previously members of the IOC) and emeritus (“persons outside the IOC” who provided it with “exceptional services”) members, as well as H.A. Samaranch, who has the status of honorary life president of the IOC .

Members of the Committee elect the IOC President by secret ballot for a term of 8 years. The President's powers can then be renewed every 4 years. Jacques Rogge, elected to this post on July 16, 2001, became the eighth president of the IOC. Over the years, the Committee was headed by:

1. Demetrius Vikelas (Greece, 1894–1896)
2. Pierre de Coubertin (France, 1896–1925)
3. Henri de Bolay-Latour (Belgium, 1925–1942)
4. Siegfried Edström (Sweden, 1946–1952)
5. Avery Brundage (USA, 1952–1972)
6. Michael Morris Killanin (Ireland, 1972–1980)
7. Juan Antonio Samaranch (Spain, 1980–2001)
8. Jacques Rogge (Belgium, 2001–2013)
9. Thomas Bach (Germany, 2013–present)

The IOC Executive Committee (operating since 1921), in addition to the president, includes 4 vice-presidents and 10 “ordinary” members elected by secret ballot for a four-year term. The IOC session is held once a year. The Committee also has 22 different commissions: financial, medical, athletic, press, international relations, etc. The commissions study specific issues and prepare appropriate recommendations for the IOC Executive Committee.

The Olympic movement, in addition to the IOC and its commissions, includes the Organizing Committees of the Olympic Games, NOCs, International Sports Federations, as well as partners of the movement. Currently, there are 202 NOCs in the world, including the Russian NOC (president Leonid Tyagachev), created in 1989 and officially recognized by the IOC in 1993. The partners of the Olympic movement include various organizations that have received official recognition from the IOC: the Court of Arbitration for Sports, the International Fair Play Committee, World Olympians Association, representing about 100,000 athletes who have participated in the Olympic Games over the years, International Paralympic Committee ( cm. PARALYMPIC GAMES), educational structures of the relevant profile, large news agencies, multidisciplinary associations (for example, FISU - International University Sports Federation), etc. A special place among them is occupied by the World Anti-Doping Agency, formed in 1999 and dealing with one of the most serious problems of modern sports.

Recently, the IOC has been reproached for the fact that its activities contribute to the excessive commercialization of the Olympic Games - and “high performance sports” in general. This began at the time when the IOC was headed by H.A. Samaranch. The annual turnover of the Committee has already exceeded $1 billion. Huge income comes from the sale of tickets to the Olympic Games and the sale of TV broadcast rights, as well as licenses for publishing activities, thematic films and video programs, souvenirs and other products with Olympic symbols. It is also no secret that in its decisions on various technical and organizational issues, the IOC is not always free from political and other conjunctures, and some members of the Committee, when voting on the location of the next Olympic Games, act by no means selfishly.

Konstantin Petrov

The first version of the Olympic Charter stated that the IOC should be headed by a representative of the country in which the Olympic Games are organized. Therefore, the Greek Demetrius Vikelas was elected as the first president of the IOC.

He was a famous poet. At the 1894 Congress in Paris, Vikelas represented the National Gymnastics Union. The first president did a lot for the success of the First Olympic Games. After their completion, he resigned from his post, returning to the world of literature.

In 1896, the founder of the modern Olympic Games, Pierre de Coubertin, took over as president of the IOC. Coubertin also developed the Olympic Charter - a set of basic rules and regulations of the IOC.

Pierre de Coubertin served as president until 1925. Under his leadership, the Olympics of 1896-1924 were prepared and held. He is the author of the Olympic rituals, the emblem, and the text of the oath of the Olympic Games participants. For "Ode to Sport", which Coubertin presented under a pseudonym at an art competition during the 1912 Olympic Games, he was awarded a gold medal. The ode has nine chapters, and the last one is called “Oh, sport! You are the world!” These words have long become an aphorism.

Until his last days, Pierre de Coubertin remained Honorary President of the IOC. At Coubertin's request, his heart was buried in Olympia - in the area in Greece that gave the name to the movement he birthed.

From 1925 to 1934 The president of the IOC was Count Henri de Bayeux-Latour (Belgium). In his youth, he was actively involved in sports. In 1906 he founded the National Olympic Committee (NOC) of Belgium. After the end of the First World War, he made a proposal to hold the 1920 Olympic Games in his country, in Antwerp.

A. Bayeux-Latour remained president of the IOC until the end of his life.

The fourth president of the IOC became in 1943 Johannes Siegfried Edström (Sweden), an electrical engineer by training. During his student years, he was the record holder of his country in short-distance running. At the beginning of the 20th century, he became one of the leaders of the Swedish sports movement, and actively participated in the preparation of the Games of the V Olympic Games of 1912 in Stockholm. On Edström's initiative, the International Amateur Athletics Federation (IAAF), now the most popular sports federation in the world, was founded in the same year. He left his post as head of the IOC in 1952. He died in 1964 at the age of 94.

In 1952-1972. The International Olympic Committee was led by Avery Brundage (USA). He took part in the 1912 Games, where he took 5th place in the track and field pentathlon, and became the US champion many times. Brundage is one of the most prominent figures in the international sports movement, awarded orders from many countries: he was the first person to be awarded the Gold Badge of the Olympic Order (1975).

From 1972 to 1980 The presidency of the IOC was held by the famous journalist Lord Michael Killanin (Ireland). He was a columnist for leading English newspapers. During the Second World War he served as an officer in the British Armed Forces, then devoted himself to activities in the national and international Olympic movement.

The seventh president was Juan Antonio Samaranch. He was born in 1920 in Barcelona. In the seventies he was the ambassador of Spain to the USSR. He did a lot to preserve and develop the Olympic movement when it was under threat of collapse due to the last Cold War. The national Olympic committees of the United States and a number of other countries refused to participate in the 1980 Moscow Games. The boycott was repeated at the next Summer Games, in 1984, held in Los Angeles (USA), in which athletes from the USSR and some other countries did not participate. The authority and energy of Juan Antonio Samaranch made it possible to hold the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul (South Korea) with almost complete representation. The Olympic Games in his homeland of Barcelona in 1992, by all accounts, were the best in the history of sports, a grand festival of youth from 172 countries. The XXVI Olympic Games in 1996 in Atlanta (USA) were also successfully held.

At the 112th session of the IOC, held in Moscow, in July 2001, H.A. Samaranch was elected Honorary Life President of the IOC and awarded the IOC's highest award, the Golden Olympic Order.

The Olympic Museum in Lausanne will now be called the Samaranch Museum.

The Spanish Marquis Juan Antonio Samaranch, who was elected president of the IOC in Moscow in 1980 and held this post for 21 years, will remain in the memory of sports fans around the globe as a man who did everything to raise the authority of Olympism to unprecedented heights. His contribution is no less significant than the role of Pierre de Coubertin.

At the same session, on July 16, 2001, a new, eighth President of the International Olympic Committee was elected - Belgian, participant in three Olympic Games, world sailing champion Jacques Rogge.

In his first public appearance as IOC President, Jacques Rogge said his priorities would be to consolidate the legacy left by Samaranch and to update the IOC in line with changes in society. He also promised to protect the Olympic movement from doping, corruption and violence.

Many outstanding personalities have served as IOC President, ten people in total. The last of them, T. Bach, was elected in 2013 and currently holds this post. This article briefly introduces all IOC Presidents.

IOC as an organization

The IOC is the highest body of the Olympic movement, currently operating on a permanent basis. The International Olympic Committee is a non-profit, non-governmental organization. Its headquarters are located in Switzerland (Lausanne). The charter document of this organization is the Charter of the Olympic Games, the modern version of which was adopted on July 14, 2001. English and French are the official languages ​​of the IOC.

The International Olympic Committee was created in Paris on June 23, 1894. The initiative for its creation was taken by Pierre de Coubertin, a French educator and public figure, who later became its president. It was in 1894 that it was decided to revive the Olympic Games. The IOC was entrusted with the task of organizing them.

(summer and winter) are held once every 4 years. The IOC decides on the dates and place of their holding, on their program. This organization has the exclusive right to its symbol, anthem and motto. During the Games, the IOC transfers the right to control the technical aspects of the competition to international sports federations.

According to the regulations currently in force, an IOC member is elected for a term of 8 years. He can then be re-elected for the same term. IOC Presidents are elected by its members by secret ballot. Their term of office is also 8 years. Then the authority can be renewed every 4 years. Many IOC presidents took advantage of this opportunity.

D. Vikelas

This man held a responsible post for a short time, from 1894 to 1896. Demetrius Vikelas is a famous writer from Greece. In 1894, he participated in the Founding Congress held in Paris. Since the Games were to be held in Athens, the president, according to the 1st Olympic Charter, had to be from Greece. It should be noted that the first president of the IOC made a significant contribution to overcoming many difficulties of a political and economic nature. The first Olympics took place in Athens in 1896. After the end of the Games, D. Vikelas handed over the post to the next president, Pierre de Coubertin.

Pierre de Coubertin

This French baron, public figure and scientist held a responsible post for a long time, from 1896 to 1925. The modern Olympic Games, as we have already said, were founded by him. In his high position, Pierre de Coubertin did a lot for the formation and development of the Olympic movement. Idealism and romanticism are qualities inherent in this person. They did not prevent him from guiding the Olympic movement through the trials and turmoil of the first 30 years with flexibility, patience, practicality and tenacity.

J. Lucas, an American scientist who wrote the book “The Modern Olympic Games” (published in 1980), noted that if you combine everything written by Pierre de Coubertin, you will get a 25-volume collection of works. Coubertin headed the IOC for almost 30 years. Baron Godefroy de Blonay was his closest confidant. This man served as president of the IOC from 1916-19 when Coubertin joined the French army during the First World War. The second IOC president died in 1937. Pierre's remains rest in Lausanne. In Olympia, at the request of Coubertin, his heart is buried.

Henri de Bayeux-Latour

This man served as president from 1925 to 1942. He was born in 1876 in Brussels. Comte de Bayeux-Latour went in for sports, graduated from university, and then served as ambassador to the Netherlands.

Henri became a member of the IOC in 1903, and in 1905 he held the Olympic Congress in Brussels. A year later, he organized an NOC in Belgium. Henri successfully held the seventh Olympic Games in Antwerp (1920). In 1925 he was elected president of the IOC. His predecessor, Coubertin, said of him that the persistent activity of de Bayeux-Latour ensured the significant success and excellent organization of the Olympic Congress. For 17 years, Henri headed the IOC, until his death (in 1942). Five Olympic Games were held under his leadership. The number of participants increased from 2594 to 3980, and the number of states represented by them - from 29 to 49. The formation of the Olympic Games under him was basically completed.

It should be noted that some analysts see in the actions of de Bayeux-Latour the extreme politicization of sports. This was expressed in the decision to hold the 11th Olympic Games in Berlin (in 1936). In addition, Henri refused to allow athletes from the USSR to participate in them. As president, Henri was a supporter of Coubertin's principles. He said that to unite good intentions and combat disorderly ideas, a single doctrine must be adopted. It is necessary to issue laws common to all participants in the Games, while respecting the freedom of everyone.

Yu. Z. Edstrem

Over the next ten years (1942-1952), the IOC was headed by J. Z. Edström. He is considered a prominent figure in the Olympic movement, both Swedish and international. Unannes Siegfried Edström is an energy engineer by profession. During his student years, Edström took part in sprint competitions and was a Swedish record holder. In 1912, on his initiative, the International Amateur Athletics Federation was created.

Edström became a member of the IOC in 1920, and in 1931 he took the post of vice-president of this organization. Further, Unannes's career developed as follows: after Bayeux-Latour died, he became acting president, and in September 1946 Edström was elected president of the IOC. He held this position for six years, until 1952. Edström's activities took place during the difficult post-war period. The President distinguished himself by his desire to develop the Olympic movement and strengthen it. He tried to use it as a tool for developing cooperation and mutual understanding between peoples. J. Z. Edström resigned as president in 1952. He gave it to Avery Brundage. Edström lived a long life. He died at the age of 94, in 1964.

E. Brundage

For the next 20 years, control of the IOC was in the hands of Avery Brundage. He served as president from 1952 to 1972. This man was a civil engineer from America. He owned a large construction company. While studying at the university, Avery Brundage was seriously involved in sports. In 1912 he participated in the Olympic Games held in Stockholm. Brundage is the US champion in the sport of track and field all-around. He was also a member of the IAAF board.

On Edström's recommendation, Avery was elected a member of the IOC in 1936. Ten years later, he took the position of first vice president. In 1952, Brundage was elected president on a competitive basis (there were five candidates in total). For the next 20 years, Avery Brundage headed the IOC.

During the Cold War between the USSR and the USA, Avery patiently, actively and persistently advocated for the independence of sports from politics. When Soviet troops entered Hungary in 1956 to suppress the uprising against the pro-Soviet regime, a number of states decided to boycott the Games in Melbourne. Brundage responded by saying that if we stop competitions every time politicians break the law, we will simply lose them. In 1964, after American authorities refused to grant visas to East German athletes to travel to ice hockey competitions, Avery warned the United States that it would lose international ties if it decided to mix sports and politics.

In his post, Brundage did a lot to preserve and strengthen international sports ties. He held idealistic views, sometimes even conservative ones. Brundage followed IOC laws and regulations dogmatically. He shared the ideals of Coubertin, which, it should be noted, sometimes did not agree with the processes that arose in public life at that time. Avery Brundage opposed the playing of the anthem and the raising of the flag when honoring the winners of the Olympic Games. He believed that this was a manifestation of nationalism. He also did not like the scoring system by which the places of a particular national team in the overall standings at the Olympic Games were determined. Avery believed that this was contrary to the spirit and rules of the Games, which are competitions between athletes and not between countries. The sports community, when expressing their comments, respected the efficient and talented IOC president. In 1972, Avery handed over his post to Killanin. Brundage died at the age of 98 in 1985.

Michael Maurice Killanin

M. M. Killanin spent eight years as president. This Irish lord was involved in rowing and boxing, and was also an excellent horseman. He was educated at the famous Cambridge University and Killanin worked as a journalist, and also participated in the Second World War. He was an officer in the British armed forces. After the war, Michael Killanin held various administrative positions in industrial firms.

In 1950 he became president of the Irish NOC. In 1952, Killanin became a member of the IOC. Lord Michael Morris was appointed to the position of member of the Executive Committee in 1967, and a year later became Vice-President of the IOC. Killanin reached the pinnacle of his career in 1972. He held the post of IOC President until 1980.

Michael was able to find more rational types of relationships between the IOC, NOC and ISF - the three main links in the Olympic movement. His activities strengthened this movement. There was some political tension during Killanin's presidency, which was related to the Soviet Union's war in Afghanistan. However, the consistent line that Michael pursued prevented the breakdown of the 12s. Michael Killanin was a supporter of realistic policies that took into account the changes taking place in the world. He believed that the Olympic movement would become even more widespread over time. For his heroism during the Second World War, Michael was awarded the high title of Member of the Order of the British Empire. They even wanted to elect him to the post of president of the republic in his native Ireland. This IOC President was respected throughout the world for his humanity and honesty.

Juan Antonio Samaranch

The name of this person is probably familiar to you. Marquis served as IOC President from 1980 to 2001. He was born in Barcelona in 1920. The future IOC president began his sports activities as a sports adviser in his municipality. It became an NOC in 1962. 4 years later, H. A. Samaranch was elected a member of the IOC. From 1974 to 1978, Juan became vice president. Then Samaranch worked for 3 years in the USSR, where he was the ambassador of Spain.

At the 83rd IOC session held in Moscow in 1980, Juan Antonio was elected IOC President. In such a responsible position, he focused his efforts mainly on increasing the efficiency of the activities carried out by the IOC. Samaranch fought to strengthen the authority of the Olympic movement and to increase its stability. Faced with confrontation between the USSR and the USA from the very beginning of his presidency, Juan Antonio did everything possible to prevent a boycott of the Games in Los Angeles. The flexible and skillful policy he implemented made the Olympic movement of that time more authoritative, numerous and stable. The Olympic Games in Seoul in 1988 and Barcelona in 1992 were great successes. Samaranch saved the Olympic movement from external shocks. He achieved its stability, significantly strengthened its financial position and authority. An important event in history was the resolution on the Olympic Truce, which was adopted at the 48th session of the UN General Assembly. 1994 was declared the year of the Olympic ideal and sport.

In Russia, Samaranch’s activities were assessed very highly. On July 14, 1994, a decree of the President of the Russian Federation was signed, according to which Juan Antonio was awarded the Order of Friendship for his significant contribution to the strengthening and development of the Olympic movement throughout the world, for increasing its role in the struggle to maintain peace between states.

Jacques Rogge

From 2001 to 2013, Jacques Rogge was the President of the IOC. He was born in Belgium (Gante) on May 2, 1942. Rogge is a doctor of medical sciences, an orthopedic surgeon. He worked in the field of sports medicine. Count Jacques Rogge speaks French, Dutch, Spanish, German and English. He participated in the Olympic Games three times - in 1968, 1972 and 1976. Jacques Rogge represented his country in sailing. He is a World Championship winner and a two-time silver medalist. Rogge became the Belgian champion 16 times in sailing. He is also the Belgian rugby champion. Jacques played ten matches for his country's national team.

Since 1991 he became a member of the IOC, and since 1998 - a member of the Executive Committee. Rogge was elected President of the IOC on July 16, 2001 in Moscow. The IOC, under his leadership, sought to create maximum opportunities for developing countries to participate in nominating their cities as candidates to host the Games. In 2008, the Games were held in China for the first time.

Thomas Bach

This person has served as IOC President from 2013 to the present. He was born in Würzburg on December 29, 1953. Bach has a higher education in jurisprudence and is a Doctor of Law. From the age of five, Thomas practiced foil fencing. In 1971, he won the World Junior Championship in this sport. In 1973, Bach won a silver medal as part of the foil team representing his country at the World Championships.

Thomas Bach, like other IOC presidents, achieved great heights in sports. He participated in many foil fencing competitions. In 1976, he became the Olympic champion in the team event at the Games in Montreal. Bach won the European Cup in 1978. In 1977-78 he became the German individual champion.

In 1982-91 Bach was a member of the German NOC. He became a member of the IOC in 1991, and five years later he was elected to the IOC Executive Committee. Thomas Bach served as Vice-President of the IOC three times: 2000-04, 2006-10 and 2010-13. In 2013, at the age of 59, Thomas was elected president of the IOC. He became the first German, as well as the first Olympic champion, to hold this post.

The International Olympic Committee is an international organization created to revive the Olympic Games and promote the Olympic movement.

At the end of the 19th century, the rapid growth of economic and cultural international relations was reflected in sports. The first international sports associations were created, and competitions began to be held with the participation of athletes from different countries. With the emergence of sports on the international stage, the need arose to hold large complex competitions and create a center for the international sports movement.

To consolidate sports life and coordinate competitions, it became necessary: ​​a single organization standing above international federations, and competitions that would cover all sports, be repeated periodically and during which the achieved results would be recorded. Thanks to the achievements of the science of physical culture and initiatives in holding competitions, France at the end of the 19th century became the center of international sports life.

On October 25, 1892, during the celebration of the fifth anniversary of the Union of French Societies of Athletic Sports in the large amphitheater of the Sorbonne in Paris, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, a French sports and public figure, historian, teacher, writer, for the first time officially announced that he was beginning the direct implementation of the project to revive the Olympic Games " on principles that meet the needs of today."

The International Athletic Congress opened on June 16, 1894, Pierre de Coubertin announced the creation of the International Olympic Committee, an international organization for the revival of the Olympic Games and the promotion of the Olympic movement. A week later, having decided to revive the Olympic Games, the congress delegates formed a permanent committee that would organize and conduct the Games. This is how the IOC was created. Coubertin was elected its secretary general, and the representative of Greece, Vikelas Demetrius, was elected president.

The Olympic movement, which originated in antiquity, still exists in the modern world, exerting an exceptional influence on the development of physical culture.

The IOC's statutory document is the Olympic Charter. The tasks of the IOC are: regularly holding the Olympic Games, their constant improvement, leading the development of amateur sports, promoting the strengthening of friendship between athletes of all countries.

The Olympic Games are the largest international complex sports competitions that are held every four years. The Olympic Games, also known as the Summer Olympics, have been held every four years since 1896, with the exception of years following the World Wars. In 1924, the Winter Olympic Games were established and were originally held in the same year as the Summer Olympics. However, since 1994, the timing of the Winter Olympic Games has been shifted by two years relative to the timing of the Summer Games.

The same Olympic Games venues host the Paralympic Games for people with disabilities two weeks later.

The location of the Olympics is chosen by the IOC; the right to organize them is granted to the city, not the country. Among cities, London holds the lead in the number of Olympics - 3 times. The Games were held twice in Los Angeles, Paris, Athens - summer, in St. Moritz, Innsbruck, Lake Placid - winter. In total, 41 cities hosted the Olympics (summer 22, winter 19).

The duration of the Games is on average 16–18 days.

The IOC's only source of funding is the private sector. Most of the funds come from television companies and sponsors. Thanks to these partners, the IOC can significantly help organize the Olympic Games, the annual activities of national Olympic committees and international sports delegations.

As of early 2010, the IOC receives revenue from the sale of Olympic Games broadcast rights (53% of the total), from sponsors (34%), from ticket sales (11%) and from licensing (2%). The IOC's revenue in 2008 was $2.4 billion.

The IOC was founded on the initiative of Baron Pierre de Coubertin on June 23, 1894 in Paris with the aim of reviving and organizing the Olympic Games. The first president of the IOC was the Greek Demetrius Vikelas.

The official languages ​​are English and French. Motto: “Faster, higher, stronger” (lat. Citius, altius, fortius) . International Olympic Day is celebrated annually on June 23.

Mission and role [ | ]

The role of the IOC is to lead the Olympic movement and develop the Olympic Games in accordance with the Olympic Charter. The IOC determines the procedure and rules for including any sport in the program of the Olympic Games, notes the contribution to the development of the Olympic movement by awarding an Olympic order or diploma, etc. It encourages the organization and development of sports and sports competitions, and ensures the regular holding of the Olympic Games.

The IOC is responsible for the legal protection of the Olympic symbol, flag and motto. He owns all rights to the Olympic Games. At the same time, the functions of organizing the Olympic Games are carried out not by the IOC, but by the Organizing Committee created in the country where the games are held.

Financing [ | ]

The IOC's only source of funding is the private sector.

Until 1984, up to 80% of the IOC's budget came from lotteries and the sale of commemorative coins. Starting with the Los Angeles Olympics, the main income began to come from sales of television broadcast rights and sponsorship and licensing activities. As part of the reforms carried out under Juan Antonio Samaranch, the IOC founded the TOP Olympic Partnership Program, designed for large international corporations. For significant money, sponsors began to receive exclusive status as a partner of the Games. A separate company began promoting Olympic symbols. The IOC began to work closely with major sports companies, promoting products not only for professional, but also for mass sports.

If at the beginning of 2010 the IOC's income was distributed as follows: income from the sale of rights to broadcast the Olympic Games (53% of the total), from sponsors (34%), from ticket sales (11%) and from licensing (2%) , then for the period from 2012 to 2016, 73% of revenues came from the sale of rights to television broadcasts.

The IOC's revenue in 2008 was $2.4 billion. The IOC's total income for 2013-2016 was $5.7 billion.

The money earned by the IOC goes to support the Olympic movement. They are received by national Olympic committees, individual athletes in the form of scholarships and reimbursement of organizational expenses, and some sports that are unpopular for sponsors. The IOC leaves 10% of its income for the maintenance of its apparatus.

Decision making process[ | ]

The powers of the IOC are exercised by its bodies, namely the session, the executive committee and the president.

The session is a general meeting of IOC members. The members of the IOC, contrary to popular belief, are not the Olympic Committees of the participating countries, but individuals. 70 people have nothing at all to do with the Olympics in terms of representing countries, 15 current athletes, 5 representatives of OC countries, etc.

The Session is the highest body of the IOC and its decisions are final. Conducted at least once a year. the session is held twice in the year in which the Olympic Games are held.

An extraordinary (extraordinary) session of the IOC may be convened by the President or at the written request of at least 35 IOC members.

The session has the following powers:

• Adopt or amend the Olympic Charter.
• Elect IOC members, honorary president, honorary members and honorary members.
• Elect the President, Vice-Presidents and all other members of the IOC Executive Board
• Select the host city of the Olympic Games.
• Approve the annual report and budget of the IOC.

The required quorum for a Session is half of all IOC members plus one. Session decisions are made by a simple majority of votes; however, changes to the Fundamental Principles of Olympism, the rules of the Olympic Charter, or other provisions specified in the Olympic Charter require a two-thirds majority vote. Each IOC member has one vote. When counting votes, abstentions, as well as blank or spoiled ballots are not taken into account. Voting by proxy is not permitted. Secret voting shall be held in cases where it is provided for by the Olympic Charter, or by decision of the presiding officer, or at the request of at least a quarter of the IOC members present. In case of equality of votes, the decision is made by the chairman.

Membership [ | ]

When the IOC was created, it included 12 countries, including the Russian Empire, whose representative was the teacher and sports functionary A.D. Butovsky.

Members of the IOC are not national Olympic committees, but individuals of no more than 115 people, of which 70 members are not associated with any specific position or activity, 15 members are active athletes, 15 members represent international sports federations or their associations and 15 members represent national Olympic committees or their associations. For a long time, only men were members of the IOC; women were first elected as IOC members only in 1981.

National Olympic Committees operate on the basis of recognition by the IOC.

In 2011, the IOC had 110 members and 28 honorary members, 3 of whom represented Russia - V. G. Smirnov (since 1971), Sh. A. Tarpishchev (since 1994), A. V. Popov (since 2008). As of early 2016, there are a total of 206 National Olympic Committees recognized by the IOC.

Executive committee[ | ]

Commissions, committees and structures[ | ]

As of June 23, 2015 The IOC has over 20 commissions, as well as 3 committees - organizational, executive and anti-doping. .

IOC Presidents [ | ]

All IOC presidents were Europeans, except Brundage. The IOC President is elected for 8 years. He has the right to be re-elected for the next 4 years.