Ski tourism is expeditions lasting several days and weeks, vacations at fashionable ski resorts and bases, comfortable walks along prepared slopes. The development of this has experienced a real boom in recent years.
People of various professions: engineers, doctors, builders, business managers, ordinary employees are passionately fascinated by the romance of ski tourism. They are drawn to conquering new routes and peaks, and love to overcome obstacles. And these are healthy, strong people, because winter sports have an exclusively health-improving effect.
Tourists often visit the following routes:
- Khibiny mountains in the Murmansk region;
- the Urals, with its alpine landforms;
- Western and Eastern Siberia (landscapes of the Ob-Tom interfluve, Kuznetsk Alatau ridge, picturesque Salair ridge, Western and Eastern Sayans, Vasyugan plateau, Khamar-Daban mountain range, Transbaikal Kodar ridge, Baikal);
- Crimean skiing centers (Ai-Petri, Angarsky Pass, surroundings of the Marble Cave);
- Sochi objects (Krasnaya Polyana, RosaKhutor);
- Caucasian Dombay.
Expanding the route geography makes hikers think. After all, those who are not afraid of many kilometers of travel through the harsh taiga, frozen river beds and lakes, spending the night in tents, heavy loads on their shoulders - everything that requires endurance, hardening and great responsibility for themselves and their comrades - choose extreme travel. It is worth recalling the famous expedition to the North Pole of Matvey Shparo and Boris Smolin in 2007-2008. Skiers set a world Arctic record by covering more than a thousand kilometers in 84 days in polar night conditions.
The ski trip to Valaam remains unique, which with the end of the summer navigation becomes inaccessible for mass visits. In winter, you can get here by hovercraft. To see the main attractions of the island, you will have to stand on and make your way around the island to Orthodox churches and monasteries.
Baikal is a favorite place for most tourists. In winter there are more opportunities for active recreation than in summer. You can go on a long ski trip both on land and on the frozen ice of the lake. The best time for it is from February to April. During this period, winds blow away a layer of snow from the surface of the reservoir, and it remains perfectly smooth and transparent to the very bottom.
For those who do not want to travel long distances, there are attractive routes in central Russia, for example, skiing in the Moscow region, away from populated areas and roads: in the vicinity of Abramtsevo, Zvenigorod, Radonezh, and the Sherna River.
Features of equipment for ski tourism
When choosing equipment, you should consider the following factors:
- Cold. Care must be taken to ensure thermal conditions.
- Short daylight hours. In case of insufficient lighting, additional light sources (light bulbs, flashlights, candles) should be sufficient.
- Precipitation. It should be possible to change wet clothes, that is, they should not get wet.
- Blinding snow. To avoid eye inflammation, you need to have sunglasses with you.
Clothes of a skier-tourist
Mandatory equipment: ski hat, balaclava, headphones, windproof mask, 2-3 pairs of mittens. The down jacket and trousers should be insulated - for example, padding polyester. Comfortable clothing is a jumpsuit.
Most things should be made of wool, even a change of clothes. Thermal underwear for outdoor activities will be indispensable in harsh conditions.
Tourist ski shoes
Ski boots are selected depending on the type of fastening. Shoes are given due attention: shoes should first be broken in and rubbed with a special cream (silicone). Snow-protective shoe covers are put on winter shoes. To save yourself from the cold, take thermal socks with you.
Personal equipment of a skier-tourist
An important component of ski tourism in Russia are special ones, which are narrower than hunting ones and wider than for running. Skis are equipped with rings.
Standard hard hikes of increased difficulty - when falling, the soles of the boots break because of them. On long routes, specific (usually cable) fastenings are used.
If you are planning a trip in a wooded area, you cannot do without a tent or a travel stove. In flat areas, you will have to purchase a special tent of the “hemisphere” or “barrel” type.
The equipment should include an individual or group sleeping bag, insulated with down or padding polyester filling, capable of retaining heat in temperatures of forty degrees below zero.
A sled-drag, a hammock net for a fire, felt boots, “in reserve,” ointment for lubricating them, batteries, and a camp repair kit will not hurt.
Skiing tactics
What is planned to be organized during the hike:
- Choosing a route.
- Day trip plan.
- Plan to overcome obstacles.
When choosing a route, you need to take into account the presence of settlements along the way, decide from which base location the group will leave, one or several.
Weight loads directly depend on the type of route and its distance. The heaviest loads are experienced by tourists who bypass settlements. In this case, you will have to carry food and all items with you.
Directly along the route, a plan for the day's passage is developed. Every day, a movement schedule and daily routine are thought out, taking into account overcoming obstacles and stopping places, topography and weather forecast, and the speed of movement of the members of the trip.
Having seen an obstacle, it is worth soberly developing a plan to solve the problem. Having assessed the situation, you need to figure out whether to fight the obstacle or bypass it. If the second option is chosen, you should indicate the reasons why the route was changed.
Rules for orienteering in ski tourism
In winter, landmarks are hidden under the snow. You should not rely on the movement of the sun or determine the cardinal directions by external signs. It's better to trust the map and compass. You need to move in azimuth and calculate the distance traveled using speed and time.
A tourist map must contain data on the relief and vegetation cover (presence or absence of forests) of the area, road and hydrographic networks, settlements, and the location of rescue bases. Skiers should carefully study the condition of the roads, the presence of passes in the mountain range in relation to existing landmarks, rocky faults, streams, and slopes.
Additionally, they take district diagrams.
To determine the standing point, check the map with the terrain and identify visible landmarks. In the foothills of the tundra, the standing point is found using a resection technique: the azimuth is sighted at 2 terrain landmarks indicated on the map (for example, mountain tops), sighting lines are drawn on the map and the standing point is marked in the place where they intersect.
Safety rules for ski tourism
A solo ski trip should be without risky areas
The route must correspond to the traveler's qualifications. Violation of safety rules can cause injuries from which no tourist is insured. Avalanche danger, difficult terrain, and the human factor pose a threat to the life and health of all participants in the hike. According to statistics, the death of 80% of skiers is due to an avalanche; in 11% of cases people freeze; in 7% they fall from a height; The cause of death in 2% is disease.
Features of safe behavior:
- When moving over rough terrain, you need to keep your distance while downhill.
- It is reasonable to evaluate your own capabilities when performing elements of movement.
- When moving along frozen bodies of water, stick to the paved trails.
- It is better to pass through avalanche-prone areas in the morning, when the snow is frozen.
- In order not to lose orientation during a storm, fog, or blizzard, check the map more often, or it is better to stop and set up a temporary camp. The journey should continue after the weather improves.
- The backpack must contain a first aid kit.
Benefits of ski tourism
Those who enjoy skiing and hiking note improved health: the heart muscle strengthens, the body becomes slimmer, spinal problems disappear, stress and fatigue are relieved, and mood improves.
Ski tourism deserves special words - it is a sport that involves skiing from the slopes of the mountains not only on skis, but also on a snowboard - a specially equipped board. You can get up at any time of the year. Those who wish to do so are offered experienced equipment and equipment that does not need to be brought with them: you can rent it at each resort.
Everyone chooses a route for themselves depending on the difficulty: “green”, “blue”, “red” or “black”. Ski trips require participants to have preliminary and certain skills in passing ski routes.
Organizing a ski trip and the reasons for its popularity
Before the start of the hike, they master and hone technical skills, develop physical and moral qualities. It is necessary to develop a route, draw up the necessary documentation, organize financing, and solve transport problems. Everything must be thought out to the smallest detail: from the idea of the trip to moving to the place of departure.
If this is a weekend walk, you can prepare for it a week in advance. The “thrown march”, designed to last many days, is planned 2-3 months in advance. The group leader develops a preparation schedule, which outlines all the required activities and the scheduled completion dates. The chart indicates:
- number of participants;.
- purpose of the trip;
- route;
- topographic documents, route data;
- start and end times of the trip;
- travel schedule;
- alternate route options (for example, in case of an accident);
- weather forecast;.
- list of equipment, repair kit and first aid kit;
- list of provisions;
- cost estimate;
- distribution of assignments among group members.
The Russians' passion for skiing can be explained by the fact that most of the country remains under snow cover for a long time. Since Soviet times, there have been ski resorts and training camps where children and adults played sports. And now people love active recreation.
Widely popular. This is evidenced by the filled-to-capacity trains and tourist centers on winter weekends. This is also evidenced by the endless ski tracks trailing hundreds of tourist groups of strong and persistent people with backpacks. Ski tourism is a type of tourism where skis are the means of transportation.
Ski tourism serves people
Skis serve people well for many centuries now. This is evidenced by ancient images of skiers that were discovered on the coastal cliff of the White Sea. These petroglyphs, according to scientists, date back to the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. The messages and chronicles of Ancient Rus' also indicate that the Slavic tribes who lived on its territory also used skis. Thus, the Kiev Metropolitan Nikifor eight hundred years ago wrote about Prince Vladimir Monomakh:“...he who sleeps more on the bare ground, and runs around the heights of the house - wears the orphan’s clothes and shoes, and jumps on skis” (the prince sleeps, they say, on the bare ground, avoids the rich, wears simple shoes and clothes, goes on skis ).Over the entire history of development, skis, of course, have undergone significant changes, and the range of their applied functions has narrowed. At the same time, their share in sports, tourism, mass active winter recreation.
Equipment for a skier-tourist
To the basic requirements for equipment of a skier-tourist relate:- maximum lightness,
- ease of use,
- durability and convenience,
- wind and moisture resistance,
- ability to retain maximum heat at subzero temperatures.
Clothes of a skier-tourist
Clothes of a skier-tourist should consist of:- thermal underwear,
- wool tracksuit,
- wool and cotton socks,
- long warm sweater with a high neck,
- 1-2 woolen hats (balaclava),
- woolen and special mittens with gauntlets.
Tourist ski shoes
Much attention is paid tourist ski shoes. Boots must be worn in, soaked in a special ointment (silicone cream), and have a wide welt. To protect them from getting wet and your feet from the cold, shoe covers made of any dense material are used. The simplest design of shoe covers is a bag sewn to the size of the boot to the knee or slightly higher.
Correctly selected ski equipment is the key to a successful ski trip. Personal equipment of a skier-tourist
Rest personal equipment of a skier-tourist located in the backpack:- a padded jacket or down jacket and a fur hat are placed on top so that they can be quickly taken out at a rest stop,
- additional wool suit and socks - in a separate waterproof bag,
- other things are selected in the same way as for a hiking trip.
Group ski touring equipment
Group ski touring equipment so specific that you have to make it yourself. This applies to tents, stoves, group sleeping bags, drag sleighs, etc. Special books and brochures for tourists are devoted to their design and features. They should be carefully studied when planning an overnight ski trip in the field.Basic movements in the practice of ski tourism
From main movements in the practice of ski tourism The following are used with a backpack:- on flat terrain and areas with weakly defined hills, they walk in alternating four-step steps,
- on gentler slopes you need to use ridge or stepless moves,
- if the climbs are steeper, use a stepped step, moving in a “ladder”, “herringbone”, or “half herringbone”.
Skiing tactics
Skiing tactics, in particular a day's march, is determined by the assigned tasks, natural obstacles, weather conditions and the condition of the participants. General tactical rules include the following:- technically difficult areas must be passed in the first half of the day, avalanche areas - in the early morning;
- daily walking time should not exceed 7, and for beginner tourists 5 hours;
- the mode and pace of movement should be uniform, with a reduction in the duration of transitions in the afternoon;
- a hot lunch (at least tea) and rest in the middle of the day are required;
- when moving, the body must not be overheated or hypothermic;
- constant mutual monitoring of the physical condition of the participants in the hike should be organized;
- do not allow the group to stretch significantly; in case of poor visibility, reduce the pace and interval between participants;
- If the weather seriously deteriorates, stop moving and organize a halt.
Caution is the most important thing when skiing. Rules for orienteering in ski tourism
Rules for orienteering in ski tourism peculiar in winter conditions. Many landmarks (lakes, streams, swamps, trails and roads) are hidden under snow or are similar to each other and have their own characteristics. Do not try to determine the sides of the horizon by local objects and signs; it is better to rely on map and. The ability to move in azimuth, time movement, and determine distances traveled by time and speed will be very useful. From time to time you should check the correct direction by taking a reverse azimuth to the ski track.Safety rules for ski tourism
In ski tourism everything must be strictly followed safety regulations to avoid getting into a difficult situation:- One of the main rules is discipline, consciousness and mutual assistance among all participants in the hike.
- The group of tourists must be carefully staffed, everyone must have good
If you are going to ski trip, then remember that snow and low air temperatures await you. Therefore, the equipment should provide you with warmth and protection from hypothermia
Preparing for a ski trip
Be sure to take 1-3 pairs of felt boots with you, depending on the number of people in the group. Felt boots will be needed for kitchen and campfire work at a rest stop, and also as spare shoes in case of damage to ski boots. Their size should be designed for the largest foot in the group.
Have a set of ski waxes, paraffin for all types of winter weather (including thaw), plugs for rubbing them, grease for impregnating shoes and spare bindings. It is also recommended to take one or two spare skis with you.
For more complex ski trips, you will need a special (double-layer) tent and a portable stove.
Before going on a hike, treat your backpack, tent, clothes, and shoes with water-repellent agents to protect them from dirt and water. If the route goes through places where there are a lot of blood-sucking insects, then saturate your tent and clothes with repellents.
The shoes are soaked in grease and, if necessary, stretched over the leg. To do this, the boots need to be kept in hot water (50-55 degrees) for ten minutes. Having taken the boots out of the water, insert insoles into them and put them on your feet while hot (with one or two pairs of thick woolen socks). After walking around in the boots for an hour or two, they are removed, stuffed with paper and lubricated. Shoes are impregnated with slight heating.
For a ski trip, tourists must have the following:
Personal equipment:
Insulated padding polyester jacket (2 or 3 layers)
Trousers (light, windproof, durable), insulated pants.
Ski cap
Balaclava
Sweater (wool, polar)
Turtleneck or vest (woolen) – 2 pcs.
Thermal underwear
Hiking boots (hard sole, toe and heel, soaked in cream)
Woolen and cotton socks, 3-4 pairs each.
Windproof mask, handkerchief.
Ski boots with felt insoles inside. Two sizes larger than regular shoes.
"Flashlights" to protect boots.
Gloves, mittens.
Thermos 0.5-1 liter.
Toiletries.
Bowl, spoon, mug (see “Cutware for camping”).
Skis, poles.
Backpack, sleeping bag (Extreme temperature down to minus 20-30 degrees).
Personal repair kit (needles, threads).
Electric flashlight
Group equipment:
Special tent
Lightweight portable stove
Saw, axes, shovels, cooking utensils, bucket (or pans), ladle, rope
Ropes, candles, matches (in sealed packaging), dry fuel.
Keep repair kits in stock to repair breakdowns!
Daily routine, movement specifics
A skier's daily routine on a hike depends on the length of daylight, frost and the need to spend more time setting up camp and getting ready in the morning (as opposed to hiking). In low temperatures, it is recommended to go out on the route no earlier than 9-10 a.m., and also to reduce short rests.
When moving on a finished ski track, the overall pace is determined by the speed of the slowest skier. Remember to avoid sudden jerks. Periodic overheating and cooling in the cold is dangerous to health. And along the route there will not always be conditions to change and dry clothes wet from sweat. When moving on virgin snow, the pace of the group is determined by the speed of laying the ski tracks.
There are several options for laying ski tracks. In a large group, it is advisable to select a team of strong tourists to track the ski tracks. Or organize alternate movement. While one group is resting, the other is laying a ski track. And then the rested tourists overtake their comrades, and they stop to rest.
In areas with deep snow and heavy backpacks, alternate tracking without backpacks is used. And having broken through the ski track, the tourist lets the group pass, returns for a backpack and catches up with his comrades.
The order of movement on the ski slope must ensure the safety of the group and take into account the capabilities of each skier. The sequence of descent, the path is determined by the leader.
Please remember that descents should only be carried out in places where there is a complete guarantee of avalanche safety.
A special feature of the ski trip is that the path can be laid directly through frozen swamps and ponds. But if possible, you need to use a ready-made ski track or sled road. You can move along clearings, open forests and river beds. It is easier to go where the snow is less deep.
Attention! Avalanche danger and thin ice.
In winter, avalanche danger increases. Do not plan to cross concave landforms such as snow craters, avalanche chutes, under ridges with overhanging cornices and where there is a lot of snow in an unstable condition.
It is also prohibited to start moving through an avalanche-prone area during sudden warming or cold weather, a drop in pressure, during and in the first two days after a snowfall, blizzard, or rain.
Avoid crossing the slope and its longitudinal depressions. Move as fast as possible in the rockfall zone. Stay safe in the most dangerous areas. Do not make sharp turns or falls.
Also stay away from areas on bodies of water with thin ice, where running water flows in or out of a lake or river. Conduct a reconnaissance of an unknown body of water and determine its reliability for group movement by hitting the ice with sticks.
Meals on a ski trip.
Tourists spend more calories on ski trips than on foot. Since low temperatures, strong winds, snow and overcoming obstacles require a lot of strength and energy from the skier. Therefore, the diet of a ski tourist should be high-calorie; the correct ratio of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, a variety of foods, their vitamin content and the possibility of consuming some foods without cooking are especially important. The products should replenish the tourist’s energy costs from 3500 to 6000 kcal, depending on the complexity of the hike.
Where can you go skiing in winter?
In the Southern Urals, winter hikes to Taganay and Iremel, Zyuratkul and the Beloretsk region are especially loved by ski tourists.
During a ski trip, a tourist spends a long time in the purest frosty air. Uniform muscular load, smooth gliding, the beauty of winter nature, a quick change of impressions, communication with a group of tourists - all this gives a great charge of positive emotions.
A tourist skier actively engages the muscles of his arms, legs, abdomen, and back. That's why ski trips- an excellent means of general physical training, which will help improve health, become stronger, more resilient, and hardened.
With good glide, even a novice skier can go at a speed of 6 - 8 km/h without much difficulty.
However, it should be kept in mind that weekend ski trips are different from regular ones. ski trip, and preparation for them should be more thorough. During a winter hike, tourists are exposed to low temperatures for quite a long time (6 - 8 hours). The group’s path also passes through open areas of terrain not protected by forests, in strong winds, and through virgin snow. On the way you may encounter thickets of bushes, rough terrain, forest debris, and snowdrifts. Taking all this into account, you should choose travel equipment and equipment.
Selecting and preparing skis for the trip
The main requirement for skis is strength and lightness. In conditions of one-day hikes, if the route also passes through flat or slightly rough terrain and dense snow, they are better suited touring skis with rigid bindings, with a bow that presses the boot welt against the metal pins. For forest routes and when driving on very rough terrain, on loose snow and off-road, it is better to have “Tourist” type skis; they are slightly wider than walking skis, much stronger and do not sink deep into fresh snow. To make it easy for a skier to control his movement in the forest and on rough terrain, the skis should not be too long. Bindings are chosen depending on the hiking conditions and type of ski. On regular recreational skis it is better to use rigid welt bindings. They are light, comfortable and reliable. For multi-day difficult hikes, welted hard fastenings are not suitable. On such routes you should use semi-rigid universal fastenings with metal springs. The welt of the boot in such fastenings is fixed in the cheeks. Such fastenings allow you to go hiking in almost any shoe: ski boots, work boots, hiking boots, felt boots. To prevent snow from sticking under the heel of the boot, rubber pads are nailed to the cargo area of the skis, preferably made of microporous rubber 2 - 3 mm thick.
Ski poles better from duralumin tubes of the “Moscow” type.
Before going on a trip, skis must be tarred with a special resin. Tar prevents skis from swelling under the influence of moisture, strengthens the wood, and improves the bond of ointments with the ski. In case your skis, bindings, or poles break, you need to learn how to repair them. To do this, the group must have repair tool kit, materials, spare parts: pliers, screwdriver, file, awl, light hammer, scissors, ski binding kit, pole rings, spare ski, plywood, aluminum, tin plates for pads, copper and steel wire, nails, screws, keeper tape .
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