The story of how handball appeared. Which country is recognized as the birthplace of handball? History of the origin and development of the game Development of handball

17.05.2024

Handball, in its current form, was invented Danish football players at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries - as a replacement for football, for playing in the winter. Handball is played with your hands, and each team consists of only 6 players and a goalkeeper.
The roots of handball go back to ancient times: we find references to the “progenitors” of this sport - ancient games with a ball with hands - in Homer's Odyssey and in the works of the ancient Roman physician K. Galenus. In the Middle Ages, Walter von der Vogelweide dedicated his poems to similar games.
The date of origin of the sports game with a ball, registered in the international sports classification under the name “handball” (hand ball), is considered to be 1898, when a physical education teacher at a real school in the Danish city of Ordrup, Holger Nielsen, introduced a ball game called “haandbold” (“haand” - hand and “bold” - ball) into the physical education lessons of women’s groups, in which teams of 7 competed on a small field people passing the ball to each other and trying to throw it into the goal.

Research conducted in recent years gives grounds to attribute the birth of handball to an earlier period. In 1890 Czech Republic A folk version of the ball game, called “khazena” (throw, throw), is becoming widespread. The game was reduced to unregulated throwing and catching of the ball in mixed groups without combat.
In 1917, Berliner Max Heiser composed a new game for women called “handball” from two games. No one imagined that this game would become so widespread throughout the world.
In 1918, two opposing currents of the game were clearly identified on the international sports map: Czech hazen (in the east) and German handball (in the north and west).
Already in 1920, the first games for the Cup and German Handball Championship. And in 1923, new competition rules were introduced. Reducing the size of the ball, introducing the rule of “three seconds” and “three steps” significantly contributed to the improvement of playing technique. In 1925, the first international meeting between Germany and the Austrian team took place. Germany lost with a score of 5:6.
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The recognition of handball as an international sport in 1926 gave impetus to the development of the game in a number of countries. Clubs cultivating handball have appeared in Luxembourg and Switzerland, Spain and other countries.
In 1928, the International Amateur Handball Federation (IAHF) was created in Amsterdam, which operated until 1944. It included 11 countries that actively developed handball. In 1936, handball was first included in the Olympic program of the XI Olympiad in Berlin. The German team became the Olympic winner.

During the Olympic Games, the IV Congress of the IAHF was held, which decided to hold the 7x7 and 11x11 world handball championships. The championships were to be held with the participation of only men's teams at first. In 1938, German athletes won the world championship in Germany.
A new upsurge in the development of handball began with the creation in 1946 of a new international handball federation - the IHF. The IHF approved an action program aimed at reviving world handball and scheduled the holding of the 11x11 World Handball Championships with the participation of men's and women's teams. In 1949, the Hungarian team turned out to be the strongest at the Women's World Championship in Budapest. Subsequently, world championships were held every four years. In total, 7 men's and 3 women's 11x11 handball championships were held. In 1966, the VII, last 11x11 World Handball Championship took place, which ceased to exist as an international game, thereby giving 7x7 handball the opportunity to develop. In 1954, the World 7x7 Men's Handball Championship took place in Sweden. The Swedes won, and women held the first 7x7 handball championship in 1957 in Yugoslavia. The Czechoslovakian team took first place.

Handball 7x7 was returned to the Olympic program only in 1972 at the XX Olympic Games in Munich. The competition was held indoors, with men's teams participating. The handball players of Yugoslavia won. Women's handball was first included in the program of the XXI Olympic Games in 1976 in Montreal. The brilliant performance of the women's team in Montreal, secured by winning gold medals at the Moscow Olympics, finally strengthened the position of our Soviet school of play in the international arena.

Emergence domestic handball dates back to the beginning of the twentieth century and is associated with the penetration of the Sokol system of physical education into Russia.
Handball first appeared in Kharkov in 1909. The ancestor of Ukrainian handball was the Czech game "hazena", cultivated in the Sokol society as a gymnastic game.
The decisive contribution to the development of handball in pre-revolutionary Russia belongs to Dr. E.F. Mala, who by 1914 completed the work on creating a highly mobile and effective game with the ball and developed the first official rules of Ukrainian handball in our country. According to these rules, the game was played by a team of 7 players on a 45x25 m court, divided into three zones: defense, central field and attack. The goalkeeper's area was limited by the line of shots on goal from 4 m, making up a rectangle of 4x8 m. The ball was thrown into a goal 200 cm wide and 225 cm high. The game lasted two halves of 30 minutes. The basic elements of Ukrainian handball became an important part of the international rules of the game, developed 20 years after the publication of the rules by E.F. Mala.
Ukrainian handball was the world's first complete version of the sport-oriented game.

The first official game of sports handball teams took place in 1910, in Kharkov, and in 1918 a “handball league” was organized there.
The first reliable information about the beginning of the development of handball and handball in the USSR dates back to 1922, when 11x11 handball was played. The first meetings took place in Moscow at the experimental demonstration sites of Vsevobuch. The initiator was M.S. Kozlov, the founder of the department of sports games at the State Center for Physical Education and Physical Education. The game with 11 players was called “handball”, it was mainly distributed in the RSFSR, and the game with 7 players was called handball. These names of the game in our country remained until the end of the 40s.
In 1928, handball was included in the program of the First All-Union Spartakiad. The unsuccessful debut of handball and handball at the First All-Union Spartakiad undermined the authority of this sport for many years. At the end of the 1930s, interest in the game declined.

The active revival of the game began in 1946. In 1948, new rules of the game were approved, which assigned the name “handball 7x7” to handball. The USSR Handball Federation was also named in accordance with the Russian name. Since then, a discrepancy between the terms has arisen: handball players play a handball. Since 1993, the Federation began to be called the Russian Handball Union.
The first all-Union competitions of national men's and women's teams of USSR cities in 11x11 handball took place in Riga in 1955. Among the women, the winners were Kyiv students, among the men - from Riga. Between 1956 and 1961, 6 USSR 11x11 handball championships were held, which played a certain role in the development of the game. It became obvious that the game was losing its position in the country and abroad. The Federation decides to terminate the USSR 11x11 handball championships. Since 1962, the USSR championships have been held only in 7x7 handball.

The country's men's team entered the international arena in 1960, and the women's team in 1962. The first great successes came to our teams a decade and a half later. The women's national team won the world championships in 1982 (Hungary), 1986 (Holland), 1990 (South Korea). Olympic champions at the XXI and XXII Olympiads, silver awards at the XXIV and XXV Olympic Games. The path to recognition of men's handball was more difficult. Silver awards at the 1978 and 1990 World Championships and the XXII Olympic Games. Gold medals at the 1982 and 1992 World Championships. Olympic winners of the XXI, XXIV, XXV Olympiads. Our teams did not take part in the 1984 Olympic Games, but in 1992 they competed as a united team of the City Council. At the XXVI Olympics in Atlanta-96, the men's team was among those who took 4-6 places.

The United States has yet to win a single Olympic medal. Former world champion Hungary is considered the strongest team. She is followed by Denmark with the aggressive Anja Andersen and China. The largest harvest of medals was collected by the world champion team of France (group B) and the team of Croatia (group A). At the XXVI Olympics in Atlanta-96, Croatia competed under its own flag for the first time in the history of the Olympic Games and won Olympic medals. The Danish women's team also has Olympic medals.
Since the inclusion of handball in the Olympic Games program, its popularity in the world has increased dramatically. Big changes are brought by changes in the rules of the game, which are established by the International Federation. Atlanta finally introduced a break in the game. After the first half hour, the teams will stop for a minute break, whereas previously they simply changed goals. Players throw a ball, which is slightly smaller than a football, into a goal 198 cm high and 3 meters wide. In women's handball the ball is slightly smaller.

Currently, handball is deservedly called an athletic game, equally popular among men and women.

Handball, in its current form, was invented by Danish football players at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries - as a replacement for football, for playing in the winter.

Handball is played with your hands, and each team consists of only 6 players and a goalkeeper.

The roots of handball go back to ancient times: we find references to the “progenitors” of this sport - ancient games with a ball with hands - in Homer's Odyssey and in the works of the ancient Roman physician K. Galenus. In the Middle Ages, Walter von der Vogelweide dedicated his poems to similar games.

The date of origin of the sports game with a ball, registered in the international sports classification under the name “handball” (hand ball), is considered to be 1898, when the teacher of physical education at a real school in the Danish city of Ordrup, Holger Nielsen, introduced the game with a ball into the physical education lessons of women’s groups, called "haandbold" ("haand" - hand and "bold" - ball), in which teams of 7 people competed on a small field, passing the ball to each other and trying to throw it into the goal.

The emergence of the game of handball has a rich historical past. Even in ancient times, there were ball games that included elements of modern handball. In 1892, a ball game was invented in Czechoslovakia, which was called Česká hazena. In 1898, Holger Nielsen, a teacher at a girls’ gymnasium in the Danish city of Ordrum, introduced a game called “Haandbold” into his lessons, in which teams of 7 competed on a small field, passing the ball to each other and trying to throw it into the goal.

When Nielsen composed a new game for women from two games - football and basketball, no one imagined that this 7x7 game would find such distribution in the world. The creation of the game with a composition of 11 people dates back to 1917-1919. Both types of the game existed together for a long time, and competitions were held seasonally: in the summer they played 11x11 handball on the football field, and in the winter they played 7x7 in the hall.

Research conducted in recent years gives grounds to attribute the birth of handball to an earlier period. In 1890, a folk version of the ball game called “khazena” (throw, throw) became widespread in the Czech Republic. The game was reduced to unregulated throwing and catching of the ball in mixed groups without combat.

In 1917, Berliner Max Heiser composed a new game for women called “handball” from two games. No one imagined that this game would become so widespread throughout the world.

In 1918, two opposing currents of the game were clearly identified on the international sports map: Czech hazen (in the east) and German handball (in the north and west).

Already in 1920, the first games for the Cup and the German handball championship took place in Berlin. And in 1923, new competition rules were introduced. Reducing the size of the ball, introducing the rule of “three seconds” and “three steps” significantly contributed to the improvement of playing technique. In 1925, the first international meeting between Germany and the Austrian team took place. Germany lost with a score of 5:6.

Handball was recognized as an international sport in 1926. gave impetus to the development of the game in a number of countries. Clubs cultivating handball have appeared in Luxembourg and Switzerland, Spain and other countries. Since then, handball has been recognized as equal among other sports.

In 1928, the International Amateur Handball Federation (IAHF) was created in Amsterdam, which operated until 1944. It included 11 countries that actively developed handball. In 1936, handball was first included in the Olympic program of the XI Olympiad in Berlin. The German team became the Olympic winner.

During the Olympic Games, the IV Congress of the IAHF was held, who decided to hold the World Handball Championships 7x7 and 11x11. The championships were to be held with the participation of only men's teams at first. In 1938, German athletes won the world championship in Germany.

A new upsurge in the development of handball began with the creation in 1946 of a new international handball federation - the IHF. The IHF approved an action program aimed at reviving world handball and scheduled the holding of the 11x11 World Handball Championships with the participation of men's and women's teams. In 1949, the Hungarian team turned out to be the strongest at the Women's World Championship in Budapest. Subsequently, world championships were held every four years. In total, 7 men's and 3 women's 11x11 handball championships were held. In 1966, the VII, last 11x11 World Handball Championship took place, which ceased to exist as an international game, thereby giving 7x7 handball the opportunity to develop. In 1954, the World 7x7 Men's Handball Championship took place in Sweden. The Swedes won, and women held the first 7x7 handball championship in 1957 in Yugoslavia. The Czechoslovakian team took first place.

7x7 handball was returned to the Olympic program only in 1972. at the XX Olympic Games in Munich. The competition was held indoors, with men's teams participating. The handball players of Yugoslavia won. Women's handball was first included in the program of the XXI Olympic Games in 1976 in Montreal. The brilliant performance of the women's team in Montreal, secured by winning gold medals at the Moscow Olympics, finally strengthened the position of our Soviet school of play in the international arena.

In the 1984 Olympic Games, which were held in the United States, the USSR teams did not participate for political reasons, and in 1992, when Russia became an independent state, both the men's and women's teams competed jointly under the auspices of the CIS (Union of Independent States).

International Handball Federation(IHF) was founded in 1946 and unites 147 national federations (2002). The program of the Olympic Games has included men's teams of 11 people since 1936, and 7 people since 1972. Since 1976, women's teams have also competed at the Olympic Games. 12 men's and 12 women's teams are participating in the Olympic tournament, their composition is determined based on the results of previous Olympic Games and qualifying competitions. Initially, the tournament is held on a round-robin basis in two subgroups of 6 teams each, then games between teams that take first, second and subsequent places. In accordance with the rules of the IHF, Olympic tournaments are held in sports halls.

Disciplines:

Men's team championship;

Women's team championship.

Since the inclusion of handball in the Olympic Games program, its popularity in the world has increased dramatically. Big changes are brought by changes in the rules of the game, which are established by the International Federation. Atlanta finally introduced a break in the game. After the first half hour, the teams will stop for a minute break, whereas previously they simply changed goals. Players throw a ball, which is slightly smaller than a football, into a goal 198 cm high and 3 meters wide. In women's handball the ball is slightly smaller.

Currently, handball is deservedly called an athletic game, equally popular among men and women.

Mentions of ancient games with a ball with hands are found in Homer's Odyssey and the works of the ancient Roman physician Galenus. In the Middle Ages, Walter von der Vogelweide dedicated his poems to similar games. Handball in its current form was invented by Danish football players at the turn of the century XIX - XX centuries as a replacement for football to play in the winter. The difference between handball and football was that it was played with hands, and each team consisted of 6 players and a goalkeeper.

Date of birth a ball sport registered in the international sports classification under the name “handball” (hand ball), the year is generally considered to be 1898 when a physical education teacher at a real school Danish city Ordrup Holger Nielsen introduced a ball game called “haandbold” (“haand” - hand and “bold” - ball) into the physical education lessons of women’s groups, in which teams of 7 people competed on a small field, passing the ball to each other and trying to throw it into the goal .

Research conducted in recent years gives grounds to attribute the birth of handball to an earlier period. In 1890 In the Czech Republic, a folk version of the ball game called “hazena” (throw, throw) is becoming widespread. The game was reduced to unregulated throwing and catching of the ball in mixed groups without combat. In 1917 Berliner Max Heiser composed a new game for women called “hand ball” from two games. No one imagined that this game would become so widespread throughout the world. In 1918 On the international sports map, two opposing currents of the game were clearly identified: Czech hazen (in the east) and German handball (in the north and west). Already in 1920 in Berlin The first games for the Cup and the German Handball Championship took place. And in 1923 introduced new competition rules. Reducing the size of the ball, introducing the rule of “three seconds” and “three steps” significantly contributed to the improvement of playing technique. IN 1925 the first international meeting took place Germany with the Austrian team. Germany lost with a score of 5:6.

Handball was recognized as an international sport in 1926 and gave impetus to the development of the game in a number of countries. Clubs have appeared that cultivate handball in Luxembourg And Switzerland, Spain and other countries. In 1928, the International Amateur Handball Federation (IAHF) was created in Amsterdam, which operated until 1944. He made his debut at the XI Olympics in Berlin, where the team became the winner Germany.

HANDBALL game

A handball game consists of two halves of 30 minutes, with a break between them of 10 minutes. Seven people from each team take to the field, in total there should be 12-14 people in the team. The goalkeeper stands near the goal, while the other six team members are called field players. They are located in certain positions on the field, performing the functions of defenders and attackers. The rest of the team sits on the bench during the game; substitutions in handball are not limited.

In handball, you can pass the ball to each other with one or two hands, you can dribble it by hitting the floor, as in basketball, but you cannot kick the ball with your feet, as in football. You must throw the ball into the goal without going beyond the goalkeeper's zone line. You can throw both in the supporting position and in a jump. When defending your goal, you can block the attacker’s path and force him to look for workarounds. The ball can only be captured when the attacker has released it from his hands while dribbling, while passing the ball to another team member, or you can intercept the ball thrown into the goal.

Purpose of the game

The match is won by the team that scores more goals than the opponent. Draws are allowed, but if necessary, extra time or a series of 7-meter throws may be assigned to determine the winner of the game (depending on the competition regulations)

Area

The game takes place indoors on a rectangular court measuring 40x20 m. There must be a safety zone around the court measuring at least 1 m along the side lines and at least 2 m behind the goal line. The long boundaries of the site are called lateral lines, short - goal lines(between the goal posts) or outside goal lines(outside the gate). All lines are part of the areas they limit. The width of all marking lines is 5 cm (with the exception of the width of the goal line between the posts is 8 cm).

Adjacent to each goal line gate area, limited goal area line, carried out as follows: directly opposite the goal, at a distance of 6 m from the goal line, a line parallel to it, 3 m long, is drawn. The ends of this line are connected to the outer goal lines by arcs with a radius of 6 m, with the center at the inner corners of the goal posts.

At a distance of 3 m from the outer boundary of the goal area line, a broken line is drawn parallel to it. free throw line(or 9 meter line). The lengths of the segments of this line and the distance between them are 15 cm.

Opposite the goal line, parallel to it, at a distance of 7 m in the center of the goal, a 7 meter line 1 m long.

Opposite the goal line, parallel to it, at a distance of 4 m in the center of the goal, a goalkeeper limit line(4 meter line) 15 cm long.

The midpoints of the lateral lines are connected center line.

Parts of one of the side lines from the center line to a distance of 4.5 m from it are called replacement lines each of the teams. The boundaries of the substitution lines are marked by lines running at right angles to the side line and extending 15 cm from it in both directions.

Handball first appeared in Kharkov in 1909. The ancestor of Ukrainian handball was the Czech game “hazena”, which was cultivated in society "Falcon" like a gymnastic game.

Kharkov

The decisive contribution to the development of handball in Russia belongs to Dr. E.F.Maly, who by 1914 completed work on creating a highly mobile and effective game with the ball and developed the first official rules of Ukrainian handball in our country. According to these rules, the game was played by a team of 7 players on a 45x25m court, divided into three zones: defense, central field and attack. The goalkeeper's area was limited by the line of shots on goal from 4 m, making up a rectangle of 4x8 m. The ball was thrown into a goal 200 cm wide and 225 cm high. The game lasted two halves of 30 minutes. The basic elements of Ukrainian handball became an important part of the international rules of the game, developed 20 years after the publication of the rules. .F.Maly.

Ukrainian handball was the world's first complete version of the sport-oriented game. The first official game of sports handball teams took place in 1910, in Kharkov, and in 1918 a “handball league” was organized there. The first reliable information about the beginning of the development of handball and handball in the USSR dates back to 1922, when 11x11 handball was played. The first meetings took place in Moscow at the experimental demonstration sites of Vsevobuch. The initiator was M.S.Kozlov- founder of the department of sports games of the State Center for Physical Education. The game with 11 players was called “handball”, it was mainly distributed in the RSFSR, and the game with 7 players was called handball. These names of the game in our country remained until the end of the 40s. In 1928, handball was included in the program of the First All-Union Spartakiad. The unsuccessful debut of handball and handball at the First All-Union Spartakiad undermined the authority of this sport for many years. At the end of the 1930s, interest in the game declined. The active revival of the game began in 1946. In 1948, new rules of the game were approved, which assigned the name “handball 7x7” to handball. The USSR Handball Federation was also named in accordance with the Russian name. Since then, a discrepancy between the terms has arisen: handball players play a handball. Since 1993, the Federation began to be called the Russian Handball Union. The first all-Union competitions of national men's and women's teams of USSR cities in 11x11 handball took place in Riga, in 1955 Among the women, the winners were students from Kyiv, and among the men, the winners were from Riga. In the period from 1956 to 1961. 6 USSR championships in 11x11 handball were held, which played a certain role in the development of the game. It became obvious that the game was losing its position in the country and abroad. The Federation decides to terminate the USSR 11x11 handball championships. Since 1962, the USSR championships have been held only in 7x7 handball. The country's men's national team entered the international arena in 1960, and the women's team in 1962. The first great successes came to our teams a decade and a half later. The women's national team won the world championships in 1982 (Hungary), 1986 (Holland), 1990. (South Korea). Olympic champions at the XXI and XXII Olympics, silver awards at the XXI and XXV Olympic Games. The path to recognition of men's handball was more difficult. Silver medals at the 1978 and 1990 World Championships. and the XXII Olympic Games. Gold medals at the 1982 and 1992 World Championships. Olympic winners of the XXI, XXIY, XXV Olympiads. Our teams did not take part in the 1984 Olympic Games, but in 1992 they competed as a united CIS team. At the XXII Olympics in Atlanta-96, the men's team was among those who took 4-6 places. Currently, handball is deservedly called an athletic game, equally popular among men and women.

Handball is a team sports game played with a ball. only with your hands.

The first rules for this sport were invented back at the beginning of the twentieth century. Since then they have undergone a large number of changes.

The latest fixes are coming for 2016 and are aimed at improving the quality and effectiveness of the game.

To receive passes in handball it is possible to use head, hips and body.

Important! Usage legs below the knee It is prohibited to accept a pass or pass the ball.

The goal of the game is to score maximum number of goals into the opponents' goal. The team that scores the most goals will win.

Site and field markings

The playing area has the shape of a rectangle, the length of which is 40 m., and the width is 20 m. Size included two goal zones and the play area itself.

The site is completely marked with lines. Two long- lateral lines, two short- goal lines and outside.

Photo 1. This is what the handball field layout diagram looks like, showing the dimensions of the different elements of the court.

Around the playground there must be safe zone. It is needed so that an accidentally thrown ball does not cause injury to spectators and fans. The width of the zone should be at least one meter on the side, And at least two meters behind the outer line.

All markings are included in the playing area that it marks out. The width of the lines is determined by the rules. The goal line must be 8 cm., and all others - 5 cm wide.

The gate area is limited by markings carried out at a distance 6 m parallel to the goal line. Length is 3m.

Arcs are drawn from each of its ends with a radius of 6 m., which connect the goal area line with the outer lines. Thus, a semicircular zone is obtained, in the center of which there is a gate.

On distance 3m. from the goal area line, there is a free throw line with a length of 9 m., marked with a dotted line. The length of the dotted lines is equal to the distance between the dotted lines, and is 15 cm.

On distance seven meters from the marking square at the gate, marked seven-meter line, one meter long.

There is a line in front of the goal at 15 cm., limiting the goalkeeper's actions.

Attention! The location of the goal and field marking lines are fixed in the rules and cannot be changed during the game.

Intercede for players forbidden. Only the goalkeeper is allowed to cross the goal zone line. However, crossing the zone while jumping will not be considered a violation.

How long are the halves?

The duration of the halves and their number are regulated by the rules of the game.

The total playing time from the start of the match to the end is one hour and ten minutes, excluding additional time.

The duration of the half is 30 minutes. One match includes two halves. Halftime - 10 min.

The duration of handball matches for children's teams usually varies from 20 to 25 min., depending on the age of the participants.

Until how many goals does a match last?

If the match ends in a tie and it is not possible to determine who won, the judges appoint Extra time. Its duration is two halves of 5 minutes. Halftime - 1 min.

Additional time can be assigned again, if the score remains equal. In the case when the game has not advanced in the score even after the second time, this issue is resolved according to the regulations of the given handball match.

The referees do not suspend the flow of playing time in the event of short stop of the game. If a longer pause is necessary, the judges may turn off the stopwatch. Timing stops if removal or disqualification of a player, and also when the judges left for a meeting.

Command structure

The handball team includes fourteen people: 2 goalkeepers and 12 field players. Can be on the field at the same time during the game maximum 7 handball players.

As a rule, these are the most active, strong and resilient athletes. The remaining players are in reserve.

Spare The handball player can only enter the field when the player he is replacing has left the playing court.

It is mandatory to be on the playground goalkeeper.

Reference! Can become a goalkeeper any handball player who will take such an initiative. At the same time, the goalkeeper can become an ordinary player on the field.

Player roles: what is it?

Every player is unique. As in other sports, handball players have their own positions assigned to a specific player.

The role of handball players determines the positioning on the field, as well as their responsibilities.

The following positions are distinguished:

Goalkeeper- guards the gate during the match. His main goal is to prevent the opponent from scoring a goal.
Corner or wing handball players- on the flanks. Usually players with well-developed reactions are placed in this position.
Center or point guard- in the center of the field. Plays the ball.
Welterweight- between the corners and the center. Usually tall and stocky handball players are placed in this position.
Linear- plays on six meter line. Its main goal is to interfere with the defense of the opposing team.

The handball team may also include: up to four officials. But only one of them can be declared as a “Team Official”. The official representative is responsible for all handball players, for their position in the playing area and on the bench. Only he can turn to secretary, timekeeper and judges.

What is a goalkeeper allowed to do?

A handball goalkeeper is subject to rules that differ from those of other handball players:

Gate sizes

Gate sizes: 2 m high and 3 m wide. They are installed strictly in the center of the playing area and securely attached to the floor or wall at the back to avoid shifting during play.

Attention! Must be present at the gate mesh, which prevents the ball from rolling back if it is thrown.

Classification of ball throws

Completing the attack and taking the opponent's goal is the main point of the game. According to statistics, during the entire match a handball team produces on average forty regular throws and about ten free throws.

Victory over the enemy depends on the accuracy and correctness of the throws.

Handball rules provide for throws such as:

"Initial throw."
"Throw from the sideline."
"Goalie Shot"
"Free throw".
"Seven-meter throw."

Initial throw

This throw opens the handball match at the beginning, and is also performed after a goal is scored. To determine which team is throwing, players pull lot. In the event of a goal, the team that missed the ball gets the right to take a shot.

The throw is made from the center of the court.

Shot from the sideline

This throw is performed in cases where the ball crossed the touchline or outer line goal, and also if the ball hits the ceiling.

The right to take the throw is given to the opposing team of the player who touched the ball last. When performing such a throw one player's foot must be on the sideline.

Goalkeeper

The goalkeeper gets the right to throw a projectile if it hits the outer goal line during the game.

In this case, the last handball player who touched the ball will be goalkeeper of the defending team or player of the opposing team.

Such a throw can also be awarded if the handball player has crossed the line of the goal area or touched the ball that is there.

The goalkeeper of the defending team gets the right to take the throw. The throw is made by the goalkeeper from the goal area t so that the ball crosses the goal area line.

Free

The throw must be completed if there was a violation of the rules of the game, and also after stopping the match.

The right to throw is given to the team in respect of which the rules were violated. And also the team that had the ball before the game was stopped. Throw in progress from the place where the violation occurred rules of the game.

Seven meter

Appointed if the team is deprived of a 100% chance to score Goal. This can happen as a result of prohibited actions of players or random circumstances.

This opportunity may arise if the goalkeeper has left his zone, the goal remains empty and the player could throw the ball with the probability at 100%.

And also if the opponent could not legally prevent the goal from being scored and violated the rules. These possibilities also include handball player and goalkeeper going one on one.

When performing such a throw, the handball player is behind the seven-meter line. It is prohibited to step beyond the lines. According to the rules of handball, the team of the player who takes the throw cannot intercept the ball after the throw before the opposing team or before the ball touches the goal.

Basic Rules

For players allowed:

Use arms, head, hips and torso to grab the ball and block the opponent.
Taking the ball from your opponent only with open palms.
obscure body opponent.
In order to prevent an opponent from touching him, he is allowed to touch him. hands from the front.

In handball forbidden:

Tear out the ball from the opponent's hands.
Realize blocking. Push your opponent with your legs, body or arms.
Carry out physical activities endangering the enemy.
Move with the ball in your hands more than three steps.
Hold the ball more than three seconds.

Handball players are not immune to mistakes.

The rules of the game provide for the following penalties for violations:

Warning. A handball player receives a warning in case of deliberate actions against an opponent or for unsportsmanlike behavior.

Single player possible removal three warnings.

Remove for two minutes. This punishment is imposed on a handball player for actions that resulted in harm to another player. And also for serious unsportsmanlike conduct(active protests, shouting and gestures towards referees or officials, playing against one’s own team, catching and holding the ball in the substitutes’ area, etc.).

This penalty involves sending the player off the field for two minutes, the offender is serving a sentence on the bench. During this time, the match continues without the ejected player. After two minutes the handball player can return to the playing court.

Disqualification. Disqualification is the removal of an athlete from the playing field until the end of the game. A player is removed if he grossly violated the rules. And also for gross unsportsmanlike behavior (fighting on the playing field, intentionally hitting an opponent with the ball, insulting referees or other handball players, etc.).

The person punished must immediately leave the playing area and the substitutes area. A player is strictly prohibited from contacting the team during a handball match. Disqualification is accompanied by two-minute deletion. After the two minute period has elapsed a replacement is released on the field remote handball player.

Useful video

Watch a video about handball and what the rules are in this game.

Handball is not that easy

Handball is a rather exciting and interesting game that requires participants in a handball match to good physical fitness and activity. Knowing and following the rules of this sport will help the player become a successful athlete and not spoil the impression of participating in the match, ejection or disqualification.

(Danish håndbold, English) Handball) - team game with ball 7x7 players (6 field players and a goalkeeper in each team). They play with a ball and their hands. The goal of the game is to throw as many balls as possible into the opponent’s goal (3x2 m).

History of handball.

In ancient times, the ancient Greeks played a handball-type game in which a ball the size of an apple was thrown from hand to hand. Homer in the Odyssey describes this game called Urania. Modern handball, as we know it today, was formed in the late 19th century in northern Europe, primarily Germany, Denmark, Norway and Sweden. The Dane Nielsen published modern handball rules in 1898

Handball equipment

The Light Industry products supplied by the company meet all the rules and are professional sports scoreboards for championships of any level.

Rules of the game

Playground

Adjacent to each goal line gate area, limited goal area line, carried out as follows: directly opposite the goal, at a distance of 6 m from the goal line, a parallel line 3 m long is drawn. The ends of this line are connected to the outer goal lines by arcs with a radius of 6 m, centered at the inner corners of the goal posts. The game takes place indoors on a rectangular site measuring 40x20 m. There must be a safety zone around the site measuring at least 1 m along the side lines and at least 2 m behind the goal line. The long boundaries of the site are called lateral lines, short - goal lines(between the goal posts) or outside goal lines(outside the gate). All lines are part of the areas they limit. The width of all marking lines is 5 cm (with the exception of the width of the goal line between the posts is 8 cm).

Opposite the goal line, parallel to it, at a distance of 7 m in the center of the goal, a 7 meter line 1 m long.

Opposite the goal line, parallel to it, at a distance of 4 m in the center of the goal, a goalkeeper limit line (4 meter line) 15 cm long.

The midpoints of the lateral lines are connected center line.

Gates

A goal is installed in the center of each goal line. They must be securely fastened. Internal dimensions of the goal: width 3 m, height 2 m. The goal posts and crossbar must have a square section with a side of 8 cm, and the rear edge of the posts must coincide with the outer edge of the goal line. The goal posts on the three sides visible from the court must be alternately painted in two contrasting colors that differ from the colors of the court. The gate must have a net.

Ball

Circumference 50-52 cm, weight 290-330 g. for teams of boys 8-12 years old and girls 8-14 years old. The handball is made of leather or synthetic material. It should be round and not slippery or shiny. There are 3 sizes of handballs:

Circumference 54-56 cm, weight 325-375 g for women's teams over 14 years old and men's teams 12-16 years old
Circumference 58-60 cm, weight 425-475 g for men's teams over 16 years old

Team

The team consists of 14 people, of which no more than 7 can be on the site at a time, the rest are reserves. One of the players on the court is the goalkeeper. At the beginning of the game, each team must have at least 5 players. A substitute player can enter the court at any time after the player of the same team who was on it has left it, who, in turn, becomes a substitute. At the same time, players can enter and leave the court only through their team’s substitution line. The number of replacements is not limited.

There are the following positions (roles) of players in handball.

1. Goalkeeper.

2. Corner or extreme. (They play on the flanks; as a rule, they are dexterous, technical and fast players).

3. Center or point guard. (Plays in the center of the field, often serves as a point guard. For this reason, the ability to pass and vision of the field are important).

4. Welterweight. (They play between the corners and the center. As a rule, these are tall players with a strong throw).

5. Linear. (Plays on the 6-meter line. His task is to interfere with the enemy’s defense, to fight for balls hit by the opposing goalkeeper. As a rule, the lineman is strong and stocky)

In addition to the players, the team may include up to 4 officials included in the match report. One of these officials is the official representative of the team, having the right to address the scorer, timekeeper and possibly the judges. The team official is also responsible for ensuring that only authorized persons are present on the bench and on the court.

Judges

The referees are assisted by a secretary and a timekeeper who are located at the table near the team substitution lines. The match is officiated by two equal referees. In case of disagreement, the decision is made by the judges jointly after a meeting. If the judges agree on the assessment of the violation, but assign different penalties, the more severe of them applies.

Game duration

Matches for adult teams (from 16 years old) consist of two halves of 30 minutes each with a 15-minute break (matches for children's teams 8-12 years old consist of two halves of 20 minutes each, and matches for teams 12-16 years old - of two halves of 25 minutes each) . After the break, the teams change sides of the court. If it is necessary to identify the winner, additional time may be assigned - two halves of 5 minutes each with a 1-minute break. If the first extra time does not reveal a winner, then after 5 minutes a second extra time is assigned under the same conditions. If the second extra time ends in a draw, a series of 7-meter throws is awarded (similar to post-match penalties in football). Competition regulations may provide for a series of 7-meter throws immediately after the end of regular time.

The time count is not interrupted during short-term stoppages of play (for example, when the ball goes over the side line). If a longer stop is necessary, the judges may stop the stopwatch. In particular, stopping the stopwatch is mandatory when a player is sent off or during a referee meeting.

Each team has the right to take a 1-minute time-out once during a half, during which the stopwatch also stops. A time-out is allowed when the team is in possession of the ball.

A game

Players can throw, catch, push and stop the ball using their arms, head, body, hips and knees;
The player can hold the ball for no more than 3 seconds, and also take no more than 3 steps with it, after which he must pass the ball to another player, throw it at the goal or hit it on the floor;
Only the goalkeeper of the corresponding team can touch the court within the goal area. However, jumping across the goal area is permitted;
It is allowed to take the ball from the opponent with an open palm, control the opponent’s movement with bent arms upon contact with him, and block the opponent with the body;

Goalkeeper It is not allowed to play the ball passively, without visible attempts to attack;
A goal is counted if the ball completely crosses the goal line, and the attacking team did not violate the rules, and the referee did not give a signal to stop the game. The referees can count a goal if the ball did not go into the goal as a result of outside interference (collision with an object thrown onto the court, actions of an outside person, etc.), but should have gone there without this interference.
The match is won by the team that scores more goals than the opponent. Draws are allowed, but if it is necessary to determine the winner of the game, extra time (see above) and/or a series of 7-meter throws (depending on the competition regulations) may be awarded.

The actions of the goalkeeper are regulated by special rules:

The goalkeeper is the only player who can touch the court within his goal area;
The goalkeeper, within his goal area, may touch the ball with any part of his body when defending the goal;
The goalkeeper can move with the ball around his goal area without restrictions on the time of possession of the ball or the number of steps (however, delaying the time when throwing the goalkeeper is not allowed);
The goalkeeper may leave his goal area without the ball; outside of it, the goalkeeper is treated as an ordinary player;
The goalkeeper may not leave the goal area with the ball in his hands, but it is permitted to enter with the ball not under the goalkeeper's control;
The goalkeeper cannot return to his goal area with the ball;
The goalkeeper cannot, while in the goal area, touch the ball located outside of it.

Throws

The rules of handball describe five standard throws used to start the game and to restart it after various situations (a goal, the ball going out of bounds, fouls, etc.).

Initial throw

A kickoff is a way to start a game, as well as restart it after a goal is scored. One of the teams gets the right to kick-off at the beginning of the first half as a result of a toss, the other team takes the kick-off at the beginning of the second half. The kick-off after a goal is scored is taken by the team that missed the goal. The player taking the initial throw must be in the center of the court (deviation from the center along the center line is allowed at a distance of about 1.5 m). One foot of the player must be on the center line, the other on or behind the center line. The throw is performed at the referee's whistle for 3 seconds in any direction. The throw is completed when the ball leaves the player's hand. The other players of the team taking the shot must remain in their half of the court until the referee's whistle. The opponents of the team taking the shot must be in their half of the court when shooting at the beginning of the half, and when shooting after a goal has been scored, they can be in any half of the court. However, the distance between the player taking the throw and the opponents must in no case be less than 3 m.

Shot from the sideline

A throw from the sideline is performed in the following situations:

The ball has completely crossed the side line - the throw is made from the place where the ball crossed the line;
The ball has completely crossed the outer goal line, and was last touched by a field player of the defending team - the throw is taken from the junction of the side line with the outer goal line;
The ball has touched the ceiling or structures above the court - the throw is made from the point on the side line closest to the point of contact.

The throw is performed by the opponents of the team whose player last touched the ball. The player performing the throw must place one foot on the side line; the position of the second foot is not regulated. The opponents of the player taking the throw must be at least 3 m away from him, and if the goal area line is less than 3 m from where the throw was taken, they can be directly next to this line.

Goalie throw

A goalkeeper throw is performed when:

The ball has completely crossed the outer goal line and was last touched by the goalkeeper of the defending team or any player of the attacking team;
A player from the attacking team has entered the goal area or touched a ball that is rolling or lying in the goal area;
The goalkeeper has taken control of the ball in the goal area or the ball is lying in the goal area;

The throw is performed by the goalkeeper of the defending team. The goalkeeper taking the throw must be in the goal area and direct the ball so that it crosses the goal area line. The throw is considered completed when the ball completely crosses the goal area line. Opponents may be directly adjacent to the goal area, but are not allowed to touch the ball until the shot has been taken. A goal scored into one's own goal immediately after the goalkeeper's throw is not counted.

Free throw

A free throw is awarded for violations of the rules, and also as a way to restart the game after it was stopped, even if there was no violation (for example, after a time-out). The free throw is taken by the team that was fouled or that was in possession of the ball before play was stopped. When a free throw is awarded against the team in possession of the ball, its player must immediately release the ball or put it on the floor. A free throw is taken from the place where the violation of the rules occurred or where the ball was at the time the game was stopped. If the throw is to be taken from within the goal area of the team taking the throw, or from the area bordered by the opponents' free throw line, then it is taken from the nearest point outside these areas.

A free throw is performed without the referee's whistle (exception is a throw when the game is restarted without violating the rules). Opponents must be at least 3 m away from the player taking the throw (the exception is that the goal area line is less than 3 m from him, in which case it is allowed to be directly next to this line).

When awarding a free throw, the referee gestures in which direction it is assigned (the arm is extended in the appropriate direction, the palm is straightened and turned perpendicular to the floor).

7 meter throw

Valid scoring opportunities include, but are not limited to: A 7-metre throw is awarded when, as a result of prohibited actions by opposing players or officials, the actions of outsiders or force majeure situations (for example, breakdown of lighting), a team is deprived of a valid scoring opportunity. A violation punishable by a 7-meter throw can occur anywhere on the court.

The presence of the player with the ball near the line of the opponent’s goal area, and the opponent can no longer prevent him from making a shot at goal using legal means;
The player with the ball goes one-on-one with the opposing goalkeeper;
A goalkeeper's exit from the goal area when the player in possession of the ball can freely throw it into an empty goal.

The player taking the throw is behind the 7-meter line at a distance of no more than 1 m from it, without touching the line. The opposing goalkeeper is between the goal line and the goalkeeper's boundary line. The remaining players are located behind the free throw line, and the opponents of the player taking the throw must be at least 3 m from him. Players of the team taking the throw may not touch the ball after the throw until the ball touches an opposing player or the goal.

Punishments

The rules provide for 3 types of personal punishments:

Warning;
Remove for 2 minutes;
Disqualification (removal until the end of the game).

These penalties can be imposed on both players and team officials.

Warning

A warning is issued for violations directed against an opposing player or unsportsmanlike behavior (showing dissatisfaction with a referee's decision, violating the 3-meter rule when an opponent performs a standard throw, actively blocking a shot or pass with a foot below the knee, “theatrical performance” with the aim of misleading the referees, etc.). P.). The issuance of a warning is accompanied by the presentation of a yellow card. Maximum number of warnings during one game:

All players of one team - 3 warnings;
All officials of one team - 1 warning.

Once the maximum number of warnings has been reached, more severe penalties will be imposed for further violations. A warning is also not given to a player who has already been sent off for 2 minutes in a given game.

Delete for 2 minutes

The removal is accompanied by a gesture from the referee - raising his hand with two straightened fingers. With this penalty, the ejected player leaves the court for 2 minutes of playing time, the team plays this time with an incomplete team. The ejected player is on his team's bench. When this penalty is applied to a team official, he remains on the bench and one of the players serves the suspension period. A 2-minute suspension is awarded for violations dangerous to the health of an opponent (high intensity, against a fast-moving opponent, associated with physical actions in the area head or neck, strong blows, etc.), more serious unsportsmanlike behavior (protests expressed by loud shouts, gestures or provocative actions, failure to retain the ball when deciding against the team in possession of the ball, blocking access to the ball in the substitutes' area), entering the court of an extra player, interference in the game of a substitute player, unsportsmanlike behavior of a sent-off player. In addition, expulsions are awarded for less serious offenses when the player, team or officials have received the maximum number of warnings.

The third 2-minute removal of one player during the match entails his automatic disqualification (removal for the rest of the game). All officials on the same team may receive only one 2-minute suspension; further violations will be punishable by disqualification.

Disqualification

Disqualification is accompanied by the presentation of a red card. A disqualified player or official must leave the court and substitutes area and may not have any contact with the team for the remainder of the game. Disqualification is always accompanied by a 2-minute suspension. 2 minutes after the disqualification, the team can release the player to replace the disqualified one. Disqualification (removal until the end of the game) is assigned for gross violations of the rules, gross unsportsmanlike behavior (demonstratively throwing the ball back after the whistle, the goalkeeper’s refusal to reflect a 7-meter throw, throwing the ball at the opponent’s head when free throw or 7-meter throw, deliberately throwing the ball at an opponent during a stoppage of play, etc.). In case of particularly serious violations, disqualification is accompanied by writing a report to the relevant sports structures (insult or attack on another player, referee, spectator, official; interference of an official in the game, etc.). A disqualification will also be issued if a player receives a third 2-minute suspension during the same game or if team officials receive a second or subsequent 2-minute suspension during the game.